Nokea
Which of the following laboratory values would be more common in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?
- A. Blood glucose >1000 mg/dL
- B. Negative ketones in the urine
- C. Normal anion gap
- D. pH 7.24
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Blood glucose >1000 mg/dL) because diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by severe hyperglycemia. High blood glucose levels (>1000 mg/dL) are common due to insulin deficiency leading to increased glucose production.
B: Negative ketones in the urine would be incorrect as DKA results in ketone production, leading to ketonuria.
C: Normal anion gap would be incorrect as DKA typically presents with an elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis due to ketone accumulation.
D: pH 7.24 would be incorrect as DKA would present with a lower pH due to metabolic acidosis.
You may also like to solve these questions
Complications common to patients receiving hemodialysis for acute kidney injury include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Hypotension
- B. Dysrhythmias
- C. Muscle cramps
- D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypotension. Hemodialysis can lead to hypotension due to rapid fluid removal, causing a drop in blood pressure. This occurs as the dialysis machine removes excess fluid, affecting plasma volume. Hypotension can result in complications like dizziness, nausea, and potential cardiac issues. Dysrhythmias (B) are less common during hemodialysis for acute kidney injury. Muscle cramps (C) may occur due to electrolyte imbalances but are not as common as hypotension. Hemolysis (D) is not a common complication of hemodialysis but can occur if there are issues with the dialysis machine or blood tubing.
The term used to describe an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine is
- A. oliguria.
- B. azotemia.
- C. acute kidney injury.
- D. prerenal disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: azotemia. Azotemia refers to elevated levels of nitrogenous waste products like BUN and creatinine in the blood. This occurs when the kidneys are not functioning properly, leading to decreased filtration and excretion of waste products. Oliguria (A) is reduced urine output, not specific to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Acute kidney injury (C) is a broader term for sudden loss of kidney function. Prerenal disease (D) typically refers to conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function, but it does not specifically describe the increase in BUN and creatinine levels.
Factors associated with the development of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Heredity
- B. Medications
- C. Meningitis
- D. Pituitary tumors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heredity. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be inherited as a genetic condition. The mutation in genes responsible for regulating water balance in the kidneys can lead to this disorder. Other choices are incorrect: B: Medications like lithium can cause acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, not its development. C: Meningitis is an inflammatory condition that does not directly relate to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. D: Pituitary tumors are associated with central diabetes insipidus, not nephrogenic.
The patient’s potassium level is 0 mEq/L. Besides dialysis, which of the following actually reduces plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely in a patient with renal dysfunction?
- A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
- B. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol
- C. Regular insulin
- D. Calcium gluconate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate. It works by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the colon, leading to potassium excretion. A is the safest option without the risk of causing hypernatremia or intestinal necrosis like B. Regular insulin (C) may cause hypoglycemia and is not as effective as A in reducing potassium levels. Calcium gluconate (D) does not directly reduce potassium levels and is used for treating hyperkalemia-related cardiac toxicity.
A patient presents to the emergency department with suspected thyroid storm. The nurse should be alert to which of the following cardiac rhythms while providing care to this patient?
- A. Atrial fibrillation
- B. Idioventricular rhythm
- C. Junctional rhythm
- D. Sinus bradycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Atrial fibrillation. In thyroid storm, excess thyroid hormone levels can lead to increased sympathetic activity, causing tachycardia and arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is common in thyroid storm due to the hypermetabolic state and increased risk of atrial arrhythmias. Other choices are incorrect: B (Idioventricular rhythm) is not typically associated with thyroid storm, C (Junctional rhythm) is less likely since atrial arrhythmias are more common, and D (Sinus bradycardia) is unlikely due to the hypermetabolic state causing tachycardia.