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Which of the following lifestyle modifications are recommended for managing essential hypertension? Select all that apply.
- A. Isometric exercises
- B. Decreasing sodium intake
- C. Smoking cessation
- D. Use of herbal supplements
- E. Weight loss
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Isometric exercises can increase blood pressure and are not recommended. Reducing sodium intake helps lower blood pressure. C: Correct - Smoking cessation reduces cardiovascular risk. D: Incorrect - Herbal supplements are not universally recommended and may interact with medications. E: Correct - Weight loss reduces blood pressure and cardiovascular strain.
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The nurse is caring for a client who has been ordered a sodium-restricted diet following a myocardial infarction. Which of the following meals would be most appropriate to suggest?
- A. Turkey, 1 fresh sweet potato, 1/2 cup fresh green beans, milk, and 1 orange.
- B. Broiled fish, 1 baked potato, 1/2 cup canned beets, 1 orange, and milk.
- C. Canned salmon, fresh broccoli, 1 biscuit, tea, and 1 apple.
- D. A bologna sandwich, fresh eggplant, 2 oz fresh fruit, tea, and apple juice.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fresh foods like turkey, sweet potato, and green beans are low in sodium, unlike canned or processed foods.
The nurse assesses a client with acute left leg swelling and calf tenderness following a long car ride. The nurse anticipates that the primary healthcare provider (PHCP) will order which diagnostic test?
- A. D-dimer test
- B. Ankle-Brachial Index
- C. Radiograph (X-Ray)
- D. Venous Duplex Ultrasonography
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Venous duplex ultrasonography is the gold standard for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis, indicated by swelling and tenderness.
The nurse is caring for a client with cardiac tamponade. Which vital signs are expected?
- A. HR: 109 bpm; RR: 26; BP: 88/71 mmHg
- B. HR: 90 bpm; RR: 32; BP: 90/52 mmHg
- C. HR: 115 bpm; RR: 22; BP: 140/78 mmHg
- D. HR: 54 bpm; RR: 14; BP: 161/52 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiac tamponade causes tachycardia (HR >100), increased respiratory rate, and hypotension due to restricted cardiac output.
Which of the following would be an expected finding in a client with infective endocarditis (IE)? Select all that apply.
- A. Fever
- B. Night sweats
- C. Osler nodes
- D. Cardiac murmur
- E. Syncope
- F. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,F
Rationale: Fever is common due to infection. Night sweats are a systemic symptom of IE. C: Correct - Osler nodes are painful nodules associated with IE. D: Correct - Cardiac murmur results from valve involvement. E: Incorrect - Syncope is not a hallmark of IE. F: Correct - Weight loss occurs due to chronic infection.
The nurse cares for a client with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The nurse anticipates the physician will order an emergent
- A. exercise electrocardiography.
- B. computed tomography (CT) of the chest with contrast.
- C. percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
- D. echocardiogram.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PCI is the standard emergent treatment for AMI to restore coronary blood flow.