Nokea
Which of the following lipid-lowering drugs is more effective at increasing HDL and lowering triglycerides?
- A. Simvastatin
- B. Fenofibrate
- C. Probucol
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because fenofibrate (a fibrate) potently raises HDL and lowers triglycerides via PPAR-alpha activation, per lipidology. 'A' (simvastatin) mainly lowers LDL. 'C' (probucol) reduces HDL. 'D' is false—only fenofibrate excels here. It's preferred for dyslipidemia with low HDL/high TG.
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A nurse teaches a student nurse about the pharmacological classification of drugs. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the student makes which response?
- A. An anti-anginal treats angina.
- B. A calcium channel blocker blocks heart calcium channels.
- C. An antihypertensive lowers blood pressure.
- D. An anticoagulant influences blood clotting.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'A calcium channel blocker blocks heart calcium channels.' Page 5 states pharmacological classification focuses on mechanism of action, which B reflects. A, C, and D describe therapeutic uses, not mechanisms. The text distinguishes these classifications, confirming B shows the student's understanding of pharmacological principles.
Which of the following drugs is considered a pro-drug and where is it activated?
- A. Bempedoic Acid, in skeletal muscles
- B. Inclisiran, in the liver
- C. Bempedoic Acid, in liver and skeletal muscle
- D. Bempedoic Acid, in the liver only
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D' is correct because bempedoic acid is a pro-drug activated in the liver to inhibit ACLY, per pharmacology. 'A' and 'C' misplace activation—skeletal muscle isn't involved. 'B' (inclisiran) isn't a pro-drug. 'E' (PCSK9 mAbs) is extraneous. Liver activation defines bempedoic acid's action.
The nurse is monitoring a patient taking furosemide for heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance must the nurse be alert for?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases urine output, excreting water, sodium, and potassium. Choice C (hypokalemia) is correct because potassium loss is a common side effect, risking low levels that can cause arrhythmias, especially in heart failure patients. Choice A (hyperkalemia) is incorrect as furosemide depletes, not retains, potassium. Choice B (hypernatremia) is wrong since sodium is excreted, not elevated. Choice D (hyponatremia) is possible but less critical than hypokalemia in this context, as potassium imbalance is more directly tied to cardiac risks with furosemide.
A student nurse asks a nurse what the generic name of a drug means. Which of the following is true regarding the generic name of a drug?
- A. It describes the chemical composition of the medication.
- B. Drugs that contain more than one active ingredient are classified as generic drugs.
- C. The name drug is assigned by the company marketing the drug.
- D. There is only one name for each medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The true statement is D: 'There is only one name for each medication.' Page 5 states each drug has one generic name, unlike A (chemical name), B (combination drugs), or C (trade name). The text clarifies naming, confirming D per page 26.
What is the main adverse effect of digoxin?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Arrhythmias
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D' is correct because digoxin's narrow therapeutic window often leads to arrhythmias (e.g., AV block, ventricular tachycardia) due to calcium overload, per toxicology. 'A' (bradycardia) occurs but is less dominant than arrhythmias. 'B' (tachycardia) is rare. 'C' (hypotension) is secondary. Arrhythmias are the primary concern, requiring ECG monitoring.