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A nurse is assessing an outbreak of mumps among school-age children. Using the epidemiological triangle, the nurse should recognize that which of the following is the host?
- A. The vaccine
- B. The virus
- C. The school
- D. The children
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The children. In the epidemiological triangle, the host refers to the organism that harbors the disease. In this case, the school-age children are the host as they are the ones affected by the mumps virus. The virus (option B) is the agent causing the disease, the vaccine (option A) is a preventative measure, and the school (option C) is the environment where transmission may occur but not the host. Therefore, the children (option D) being the individuals who are infected and affected by the mumps outbreak, are correctly identified as the host in this scenario.
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A nurse is preparing an educational program about breastfeeding for a group of new parents. The nurse should use which of the following instructional strategies to promote psychomotor learning?
- A. Review flashcards that identify holding technique with the group
- B. Show the group a video on breastfeeding techniques
- C. Facilitate a discussion group about the benefits of breastfeeding
- D. Provide dolls for the group to demonstrate proper positioning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing dolls for the group to demonstrate proper positioning promotes psychomotor learning by engaging them in hands-on practice. This allows participants to physically practice and internalize the correct techniques, enhancing muscle memory and skill acquisition. The other choices lack the hands-on component required for psychomotor learning. A: Flashcards are visual aids that may help with cognitive learning but do not involve physical practice. B: Watching a video is passive learning and does not actively engage participants in practicing skills. C: Facilitating a discussion focuses on cognitive understanding rather than physical practice.
A school nurse is planning safety education for a group of adolescents. The nurse should give priority to which of the following topics as the leading cause of death for this age group?
- A. Sports injury prevention
- B. Motor vehicle safety
- C. Substance abuse prevention
- D. Gun safety
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Motor vehicle safety. Adolescents are at a higher risk of motor vehicle accidents, making it the leading cause of death in this age group. This is due to factors like inexperience, risk-taking behaviors, and distractions while driving. Sports injury prevention (A) is important but not the leading cause of death. Substance abuse prevention (C) is significant but not the primary cause of death. Gun safety (D) is also crucial but not as prevalent as motor vehicle accidents.
A community health nurse is planning an educational program for a group of women who are postmenopausal. Which of the following outcomes is appropriate for this program?
- A. Clients will schedule bone density screening
- B. Clients will arrange for mammograms every 3 years
- C. Clients will start hormone replacement therapy
- D. Clients will significantly decrease caloric intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clients will schedule bone density screening. This outcome is appropriate because postmenopausal women are at increased risk for osteoporosis, making bone density screening crucial for early detection and prevention. It is a proactive measure to assess bone health and reduce the risk of fractures.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Clients will arrange for mammograms every 3 years - While mammograms are important for breast cancer screening, the focus of this program is on postmenopausal women's specific health needs related to bone health.
C: Clients will start hormone replacement therapy - Hormone replacement therapy has risks and benefits and should be individualized based on a woman's specific health history and needs. It is not a universal recommendation for all postmenopausal women.
D: Clients will significantly decrease caloric intake - Caloric intake is important for overall health, but the specific focus of this program is on bone health and screening, not weight management.
A 35-year-old client who has a diagnosis of tuberculosis informs the provider's office that she is unable to pay for the treatment. Which of the following actions by the nurse will facilitate obtaining appropriate treatment?
- A. Help the client apply for Medicare
- B. Explore options for alternative therapies
- C. Arrange for medication through local agencies
- D. Send the client to the nearest facility for further evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Arrange for medication through local agencies. This option addresses the immediate need for treatment by connecting the client with resources that can provide medication for tuberculosis at little to no cost. This ensures that the client can access appropriate treatment despite financial constraints.
Option A (Help the client apply for Medicare) may not be feasible or timely, as the client may not qualify or the application process may take too long. Option B (Explore options for alternative therapies) is not appropriate for a serious infectious disease like tuberculosis that requires specific medical treatment. Option D (Send the client to the nearest facility for further evaluation) does not address the client's inability to pay for treatment and may delay necessary intervention.
A first response team is working at the location of a bombing incident. A nurse triaging a group of clients should give treatment priority to which of the following clients?
- A. A client who has superficial partial-thickness burn injuries over 5% of his body
- B. A client who has a femur fracture with a 2+ pedal pulse
- C. A client who is ambulatory and exhibits manic behavior
- D. A client who has a rigid abdomen with manifestations of shock
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A client who has a rigid abdomen with manifestations of shock. This client should receive treatment priority because a rigid abdomen can indicate internal bleeding or organ damage, which are life-threatening conditions requiring immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Manifestations of shock, such as hypotension and tachycardia, also indicate a critical condition that needs urgent intervention to stabilize the client's condition and prevent deterioration.
Choice A is incorrect because superficial partial-thickness burn injuries, although painful and requiring treatment, are not immediately life-threatening compared to internal injuries like in choice D. Choice B is incorrect as a femur fracture with a palpable pedal pulse indicates distal circulation is intact, making it a lower priority compared to the critical condition in choice D. Choice C is incorrect as manic behavior, while concerning, does not pose an immediate threat to the client's life compared to the potentially life-threatening conditions in choice D.