Nokea
Which of the following medications are appropriate for the treatment of heart failure?
- A. Digoxin
- B. Bronchodilators
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heart failure's fluid overload and pump inefficiency need diuretics they offload excess volume, easing dyspnea and edema, a cornerstone of treatment. Digoxin boosts contractility, useful in some cases, but diuretics directly tackle the hallmark issue. Bronchodilators aid breathing in lung disease, not heart failure's core. Antibiotics fight infection, irrelevant here. Diuretics' rapid impact on preload makes them essential, aligning with guideline-directed therapy, a nurse's focus for symptom relief and stability in heart failure management, outranking adjuncts like digoxin in immediate need.
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A 16-year-old female patient experiences alopecia resulting from chemotherapy, prompting the nursing diagnoses of disturbed body image and situational low self-esteem. What action by the patient would best indicate that she is meeting the goal of improved body image and self-esteem?
- A. The patient requests that her family bring her makeup and wig
- B. The patient begins to discuss the future with her family
- C. The patient reports less disruption from pain and discomfort
- D. The patient cries openly when discussing her disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alopecia guts self-image, especially at 16 requesting makeup and a wig shows she's fighting back, reclaiming her look and confidence. It's active, not passive, unlike future talks (hopeful but vague), less pain (physical, not emotional), or crying (raw but not progress). Nurses in oncology cheer this, knowing it signals resilience against chemo's brutal psychosocial hit, a win for body image goals.
The disease progress of cancers, such as cervical or Hodgkin's, can be classified according to a clinical staging system. Place the description of stages 0-IV in the correct order.
- A. Metastasis
- B. Limited local spread
- C. Cancer in situ
- D. Tumor limited to tissue of origin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clinical staging tracks cancer progression: starting with cancer in situ, where abnormal cells stay confined, non-invasive stage 0. Next, tumor limited to tissue of origin marks stage I, with localized growth but no spread. Limited local spread, stage II, shows slight extension beyond the origin. Extensive local and regional spread, stage III, involves nearby tissues or nodes. Metastasis, stage IV, indicates distant spread, the most advanced. The sequence cancer in situ, tumor limited to origin, limited spread, extensive spread, metastasis reflects increasing severity, guiding treatment from surveillance to aggressive therapy. Nurses use this to educate patients, aligning interventions with disease extent, critical for prognosis in cancers like cervical or Hodgkin's.
Which of the following characteristics is true related to chronic illness?
- A. Abrupt onset
- B. Usually single cause
- C. Short latency period
- D. Noninfectious origin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic illness creeps noninfectious, multi-risk, long-brewing, lingering a nurse's map apart from acute's quick, single, catchy hits. It's a slow burn, not a spark, a health system staple.
According to the theory of planned behaviour, what is the best predictor of behaviour?
- A. Attitude
- B. Habit
- C. Intention
- D. Social norm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Planned behaviour intention rules, not just liking, routine, or peer push. Nurses bet on this, a chronic action cue.
Tetanus:
- A. typically has an incubation period of 23 days
- B. immunization status is particularly poor in elderly women
- C. toxoid is more effective by S.C. injection
- D. IgG will provide passive protection for about a week
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetanus 7-10 days incubate, elderly women lag shots, IM toxoid, Ig lasts longer, pregnancy's fine. Nurses tag this chronic gap.