Nokea
Which of the following medications rarely causes extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)?
- A. Ziprasidone (Geodon)
- B. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- C. Haloperidol (Haldol)
- D. Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atypical antipsychotics like ziprasidone rarely cause EPS compared to first-generation antipsychotics like chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and fluphenazine.
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The nurse is educating a patient and family about strategies to minimize the side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Which of the following should be included in the plan?
- A. Drink plenty of fruit juice.
- B. Developing an exercise program is important.
- C. Increase foods high in fiber.
- D. Laxatives can be used as needed.
- E. Use sunscreen when outdoors.
- F. For missed doses, take double the dose at the next scheduled time.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Exercise and high-fiber foods help prevent constipation, and sunscreen is recommended due to photosensitivity. Fruit juice may contribute to weight gain, laxatives should be avoided, and doubling doses is incorrect.
A patient with bipolar disorder asks the nurse, 'Why did I get this illness? I don't want to be sick.' The nurse would best respond with,
- A. People who develop mental illnesses often had very traumatic childhood experiences.
- B. There is some evidence that contracting a virus during childhood can cause mental disorders.
- C. Sometimes people with mental illness have an overactive immune system.
- D. We don't fully understand the cause, but mental illnesses do seem to run in families.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Current theories and studies indicate that several mental disorders may be linked to a specific gene or combination of genes, but that the source is not solely genetic; nongenetic factors also play important roles. Traumatic childhood experiences, viral infections, and immune system activity may contribute to mental illness in genetically predisposed individuals, but these are not definitive causes.
Which drug classification is the primary medication treatment for schizophrenia?
- A. Anticoagulants
- B. Antidepressants
- C. Antimanics
- D. Antipsychotics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antipsychotic drugs are the primary medical treatment for schizophrenia, addressing psychotic symptoms effectively.
Which of the following side effects of lithium are frequent causes of noncompliance?
- A. Metallic taste in the mouth
- B. Weight gain
- C. Acne
- D. Thirst
- E. Lethargy
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Lethargy and weight gain are difficult to manage and frequently lead to noncompliance with lithium therapy.
Which of the following disorders are extrapyramidal symptoms that may be caused by antipsychotic drugs?
- A. Akathisia
- B. Pseudoparkinsonism
- C. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- D. Dystonia
- E. Anticholinergic effects
- F. Breast tenderness in men and women
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Extrapyramidal symptoms include akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism, and dystonia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and breast tenderness are side effects of antipsychotics but not classified as extrapyramidal. Anticholinergic effects are distinct side effects.