Nokea
Which of the following models view disability as directly caused by disease or trauma?
- A. Social
- B. Nursing
- C. Medical
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medical model pins disability on disease or injury fix the body, fix the problem a view nurses use for acute hits. Social blames society's gaps; nursing, collaborative blend care angles, not cause. It's a chronic lens shift, body-first.
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning gestational diabetes?
- A. Most commonly developed in the first trimester of pregnancy
- B. Affects 8% of pregnant women
- C. Maternal blood glucose levels will return to normal shortly after birth
- D. There is a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes by the mother within 20 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gestational diabetes hits late second or third trimester, not first insulin resistance peaks then, a pregnancy twist. Eight percent's close, glucose norms post-birth, type 2 risk looms 20 years fits. Nurses catch this timing, a chronic precursor's true window.
In the ACC/AHA 2017 Guideline for Hypertension, what is the cut off for hypertension diagnosis?
- A. 120/70 mmHg
- B. 130/80 mmHg
- C. 135/85 mmHg
- D. 140/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACC/AHA 2017 130/80 tags hypertension, not old 140/90 or looser. Nurses gauge this chronic pressure shift.
Which percentage of the burden of sickness in the Netherlands can approximately be avoided?
- A. 30%
- B. 40%
- C. 50%
- D. 60%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dutch sickness 40% dodgeable, lifestyle tweaks cut chronic loads, not half or more. Nurses bank this, a prevention slice.
In patients who are awake during craniotomy, appropriate statements include:
- A. For a temporal lesion, neurosurgeons are likely to require the sitting position.
- B. A tracheal tube is likely to be used.
- C. A urinary catheter is likely to be inserted.
- D. Intraoperative seizures are likely to occur during cortical mapping.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Awake craniotomy allows functional mapping and patient cooperation. The sitting position is rare due to air embolism risks and is not specific to temporal lesions; supine or lateral positions are standard. A tracheal tube is avoided to maintain airway control via less invasive means (e.g., nasal cannula), as patients must remain responsive. A urinary catheter is routine for longer procedures to manage fluid balance and patient comfort, given immobility and duration. Patient anxiety is common but manageable, not an absolute contraindication. Seizures can occur during cortical mapping due to electrical stimulation, but likely' overstates frequency; they're a risk, not a certainty. The urinary catheter's inclusion reflects practical perioperative care, ensuring monitoring and comfort without interrupting the procedure's focus on brain function preservation.
Patients on insulin therapy should receive essential education on the following EXCEPT:
- A. Insulin injection technique
- B. Stopping all oral hypoglycaemic agents
- C. Recognition and self-management of hypoglycaemia
- D. Sick day management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin therapy education for diabetes patients covers injection technique, hypoglycemia recognition and management, sick day rules, and safe driving, per diabetes care standards. However, stopping all oral hypoglycemic agents isn't universally essential many patients continue agents like metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitors alongside insulin for synergistic effects, depending on glycemic control needs. Assuming cessation oversimplifies treatment plans, potentially reducing efficacy. Education must tailor to individual regimens, not mandate stopping orals, making this the exception. Physicians ensure comprehensive teaching to enhance adherence and safety, critical in chronic disease management.