Nokea
Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?
- A. Starch
- B. Glucose
- C. Cellulose
- D. Sucrose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Starch is a polysaccharide, not a monosaccharide, making choice A incorrect. Glucose, choice B, is the correct answer as it is a monosaccharide, the simplest form of sugar. Cellulose, choice C, is a polysaccharide like starch, not a monosaccharide. Sucrose, choice D, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, not a monosaccharide. Glucose, being a monosaccharide, is a single sugar unit that serves as a primary energy source for living organisms.
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Which of the following statements regarding heart valves is correct?
- A. The atrioventricular valves lie between the atria and the ventricles.
- B. The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
- C. The atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract.
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All of the statements are correct regarding heart valves. Choice A is accurate as the atrioventricular valves indeed lie between the atria and the ventricles. Choice B correctly identifies the location of the pulmonary semilunar valve. Choice C is true as the atrioventricular valves do prevent backflow into the atria during ventricular contraction. Therefore, selecting 'All of the above' as the correct answer is appropriate as all statements are accurate.
Which structure in the skin is responsible for producing melanin?
- A. Sudoriferous gland
- B. Melanocyte
- C. Sebaceous gland
- D. Hair follicle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Melanocyte. Melanocytes in the skin are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color and provides protection against harmful UV radiation. Sudoriferous glands produce sweat, sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil), and hair follicles are associated with hair growth. However, the specific function of producing melanin is attributed to melanocytes, making them the correct answer in this context.
Water is considered a universal solvent due to its ____.
- A. Cohesion
- B. Adhesion
- C. Molarity
- D. Dilution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adhesion. Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many substances due to its ability to adhere to and interact with other molecules, making it an effective solvent. Cohesion refers to water molecules sticking together, molarity is a measure of concentration, and dilution refers to the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, none of which directly relate to water's role as a universal solvent.
What is the primary function of the liver related to digestion?
- A. Produces bile
- B. Stores bile
- C. Converts waste ammonia into urea
- D. Filters and detoxifies digestion byproducts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary function of the liver related to digestion is to filter and detoxify byproducts of digestion, including toxins and metabolic waste products. While the liver does produce bile and convert waste ammonia into urea, these functions are not directly related to digestion. Storing bile is mainly done by the gallbladder, not the liver.
Which organelle in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Nucleus
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ribosome. Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are the cellular machinery where translation, the process of assembling proteins from amino acids based on mRNA sequences, occurs. Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleus (choice B) houses DNA but is not directly involved in protein synthesis. Mitochondria (choice C) are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, not protein synthesis. The Golgi apparatus (choice D) is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, not in the synthesis of proteins.