Nokea
Which of the following nerves has the longest axon in the human body?
- A. Dorsal root ganglion
- B. Laryngeal nerve
- C. Sciatic nerve
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sciatic nerve contains the longest axon in the human body, extending from the lower back down the leg. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the lower limb. The dorsal root ganglion and laryngeal nerve do not possess axons as long as the sciatic nerve, making them incorrect choices. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the sciatic nerve.
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Which of the following structures helps filter pathogens from the blood?
- A. Lymph nodes
- B. Kidneys
- C. Spleen
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The spleen is the correct answer. The spleen is a vital organ in the immune system responsible for filtering pathogens from the blood. It contains specialized immune cells that aid in recognizing and eliminating harmful substances. Additionally, the spleen plays a role in recycling old red blood cells. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Lymph nodes primarily filter lymph fluid, not blood. Kidneys are involved in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance, not specifically filtering pathogens from the blood. The pancreas functions in hormone regulation and digestion, unrelated to filtering pathogens from the blood.
Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?
- A. White blood cell
- B. Red blood cell
- C. Platelet
- D. Plasma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Red blood cell. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. White blood cells (Choice A) are part of the immune system and help fight infections, not involved in carrying oxygen. Platelets (Choice C) are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Plasma (Choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients and waste products, but it does not directly carry oxygen.
Which of the following structures in the skin is responsible for producing sweat?
- A. Sebaceous gland
- B. Sudoriferous gland
- C. Hair follicle
- D. Melanocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sudoriferous gland. Sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, are responsible for producing sweat to regulate body temperature. Sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin and hair. Hair follicles are associated with hair growth, not sweat production. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin for skin pigmentation, not sweat.
What is the end product of glycolysis?
- A. Lactic acid
- B. ATP
- C. NADPH
- D. Pyruvic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pyruvic acid. The end product of glycolysis is pyruvic acid, not lactic acid, ATP, or NADPH. Pyruvic acid is a key intermediary in cellular respiration and can be further metabolized to produce energy through processes like the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactic acid is produced in the absence of oxygen during fermentation, ATP is a product of cellular respiration but not the direct end product of glycolysis, and NADPH is generated in other metabolic pathways such as the pentose phosphate pathway, not in glycolysis.
Which of the following water-soluble vitamins is NOT synthesized in the large intestine?
- A. B6
- B. Biotin
- C. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
- D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: B6. Vitamin B6 is not synthesized in the large intestine, while biotin, pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), and Vitamin K can be synthesized by gut microflora. Biotin, B5, and K are examples of water-soluble vitamins that can be produced in the large intestine, but B6 needs to be obtained through dietary sources. Therefore, B6 is the correct answer as it is not synthesized within the large intestine, unlike the other options.