Nokea
Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with the feeling of happiness and well-being?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Serotonin
- C. GABA
- D. Acetylcholine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter known for its role in mood regulation, promoting feelings of happiness and well-being. It helps regulate emotions, sleep, and appetite. Low levels of serotonin have been linked to conditions like depression and anxiety. Choice A, Dopamine, is more associated with pleasure and reward pathways in the brain. GABA (Choice C) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in reducing neuronal excitability, not primarily linked to happiness. Acetylcholine (Choice D) is involved in muscle contraction and has functions related to memory and attention, but it is not primarily associated with feelings of happiness and well-being.
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Which of the following nerves has the longest axon in the human body?
- A. Dorsal root ganglion
- B. Laryngeal nerve
- C. Sciatic nerve
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sciatic nerve contains the longest axon in the human body, extending from the lower back down the leg. This nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the lower limb. The dorsal root ganglion and laryngeal nerve do not possess axons as long as the sciatic nerve, making them incorrect choices. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the sciatic nerve.
What is the primary function of the liver related to digestion?
- A. Produces bile
- B. Stores bile
- C. Converts waste ammonia into urea
- D. Filters and detoxifies digestion byproducts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary function of the liver related to digestion is to filter and detoxify byproducts of digestion, including toxins and metabolic waste products. While the liver does produce bile and convert waste ammonia into urea, these functions are not directly related to digestion. Storing bile is mainly done by the gallbladder, not the liver.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about DNA?
- A. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 5' to 3'.
- B. DNA contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes.
- C. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 3' to 5'.
- D. DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because DNA is typically read from the 5' end to the 3' end, not from 3' to 5'. Choices A, B, and D are all true statements about DNA. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read in a 5' to 3' direction. DNA also contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes. Additionally, DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.
Which structure in the skin is responsible for producing hair?
- A. Sudoriferous gland
- B. Sebaceous gland
- C. Melanocyte
- D. Hair follicle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hair follicle. Hair follicles are structures in the skin responsible for producing hair. They are specialized structures that contain the hair root and the bulb, where hair growth originates. Sudoriferous glands produce sweat, sebaceous glands produce sebum, and melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives hair and skin their color. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because sudoriferous glands produce sweat, sebaceous glands produce sebum, and melanocytes produce melanin, respectively, but they are not responsible for producing hair.
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Medulla oblongata
- D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Cerebrum. The cerebrum, the largest part of the brain, controls voluntary muscle movements, along with cognitive functions like thinking, perception, and decision-making. It is crucial for motor coordination and the regulation of voluntary movements. The Cerebellum (Choice B) is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture, but not specifically for voluntary muscle movements. The Medulla oblongata (Choice C) is involved in controlling autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, not voluntary muscle movements. The Thalamus (Choice D) acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not primarily responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements.