Nokea
Which of the following organizations have interdisciplinary membership?
- A. Gerontological Society of America
- B. National Gerontological Nurses Association
- C. American Society on Aging
- D. Association of Gerontology in Higher Education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, the Gerontological Society of America, because it includes members from various disciplines such as sociology, psychology, biology, and medicine. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a holistic understanding of aging. The other choices focus specifically on nursing (B), aging (C), or higher education (D), and do not encompass a wide range of disciplines like choice A. This makes them more specialized and less likely to have a diverse membership across different fields.
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The nurse is performing a basic assessment on an older client. Which of the following is a common age-related change?
- A. Decreased skin elasticity and thinning
- B. Increased muscle mass
- C. Increased cardiac output
- D. Increased renal filtration rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Aging causes decreased collagen production, leading to decreased skin elasticity and thinning.
2. Loss of subcutaneous fat contributes to the appearance of aging skin.
3. Wrinkles and sagging are common signs of decreased skin elasticity in older adults.
4. Increased muscle mass, increased cardiac output, and increased renal filtration rate are not typical age-related changes.
Summary: Skin changes such as decreased elasticity and thinning are common in older adults due to reduced collagen production and loss of subcutaneous fat. Increased muscle mass, cardiac output, and renal filtration rate are not typical age-related changes.
What is the primary goal of the Program for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)?
- A. To provide intensive medical treatment for seniors
- B. To ensure nursing home placement for frail seniors
- C. To offer holistic care that allows older adults to live in the community
- D. To reduce healthcare costs for elderly populations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To offer holistic care that allows older adults to live in the community. PACE aims to provide comprehensive and coordinated care to help seniors remain independent in their homes and communities. This includes medical, social, and behavioral services. Choice A is incorrect as PACE focuses on holistic care rather than just intensive medical treatment. Choice B is incorrect as PACE aims to prevent nursing home placement by supporting older adults to live at home. Choice D is incorrect as while PACE may help reduce healthcare costs through preventive and coordinated care, the primary goal is to support seniors in living in the community.
Which of the following assessment findings would be most suggestive of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Bilateral calf tenderness after walking up a flight of stairs
- B. Swelling in one leg with pitting edema
- C. Shortness of breath after activity
- D. Two plus palpable pulses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because swelling in one leg with pitting edema is a classic sign of DVT. Pitting edema suggests fluid accumulation due to compromised venous circulation, which is common in DVT. Bilateral calf tenderness (choice A) is more indicative of muscle strain. Shortness of breath (choice C) is suggestive of a pulmonary embolism, a complication of DVT. Two plus palpable pulses (choice D) indicate good arterial circulation, not DVT.
In the care of older adults, how does the concept of "multimorbidity" complicate the treatment of chronic conditions?
- A. It simplifies treatment as there are fewer conditions to manage simultaneously
- B. It increases the complexity of managing multiple medications and health conditions
- C. It reduces the need for personalized care plans
- D. It enhances the effectiveness of treatment through overlapping therapeutic interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because multimorbidity refers to the presence of multiple chronic conditions in an individual, which can complicate treatment due to interactions between medications, conflicting treatment recommendations, and the need for coordination among different healthcare providers. Managing multiple health conditions and medications can lead to potential adverse effects, drug interactions, and difficulties in prioritizing treatment goals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because multimorbidity actually increases treatment complexity, necessitating individualized care plans and careful consideration of potential interactions between treatments.
Identify the correct statement describing the abuse of elderly persons in the United States.
- A. Elder abuse is the most often reported form of domestic violence
- B. Statistically, neglect is the most common form of elder abuse
- C. Most cases of elder abuse are reported to the proper authorities
- D. Healthcare practitioners are only mandated to report verified, not suspected, cases of elder abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Statistically, neglect is the most common form of elder abuse. Neglect involves the failure to provide necessary care or assistance to an elderly person, making it a prevalent form of elder abuse. This is supported by research and studies on elder abuse cases.
A is incorrect because elder abuse is often underreported compared to other forms of domestic violence.
C is incorrect as many cases of elder abuse go unreported due to various reasons such as fear, shame, or lack of awareness.
D is incorrect as healthcare practitioners are mandated to report any suspected cases of elder abuse, not just verified cases, to protect the well-being of the elderly.