Nokea
Which of the following parts of the alimentary canal bears villi?
- A. Stomach.
- B. Ileum.
- C. Oesophagus.
- D. Rectum.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ileum, part of the small intestine, contains villi that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
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Urine leaves the body through a tube called
- A. the urethra
- B. the ureter
- C. the bladder
- D. the nephron
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The urethra is the tube through which urine exits the body.
Peristalsis moves food material:
- A. in the stomach and small intestine only
- B. in the small and large intestines only
- C. in the stomach and small and large intestines only
- D. from the pharynx to the anal canal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peristalsis is a wave-like muscle contraction that moves food material through the entire gastrointestinal tract.
In a clinical research study on intestinal motility, a 24-year-old male graduate student is involved. The peristalsis of the small intestine:
- A. Aids in the mixing of the food bolus
- B. Is regulated by the central nervous system (CNS)
- C. Includes the contraction of circular smooth muscle both behind and in front of the food bolus
- D. Encompasses the contraction of circular smooth muscle behind the food bolus and the relaxation of circular smooth muscle in front of the bolus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peristalsis involves circular muscle contraction behind the bolus and relaxation ahead, propelling it forward.
Which tubules are the effectors for ADH?
- A. Distal and collecting
- B. Proximal and collecting
- C. Loop of Henle and Distal
- D. Loop of Henle and proximal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ADH acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to increase water reabsorption.
Endothelial cells of liver sinusoids, the following is true except:
- A. Lie on a discontinuous basal lamina
- B. Separated from hepatocytes by space of Disse
- C. The underlying space of Disse contain red blood cells
- D. The fenestra on its surface are collected at areas called sieve plates
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The space of Disse contains plasma and microvilli, not red blood cells, which remain in the sinusoidal lumen.