Nokea
Which of the following patients best fits the criteria for a critical burn?
- A. A 10-year-old patient with superficial burns over 60% of the body
- B. A 15-year-old patient with full-thickness burns on the left upper/lower arm, non-circumferential
- C. A 60-year-old patient with partial-thickness burns across 25% of the body, not involving the hands, feet, face, or genitals
- D. A 20-year-old patient with partial-thickness burns on 25% of the body, not including the hands, feet, face, or genitals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a critical burn is determined by the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) affected. In this case, a 10-year-old patient with superficial burns over 60% of the body meets the criteria for a critical burn due to the extensive TBSA involvement. Superficial burns over 60% of the body can lead to significant fluid loss, infection risk, and systemic complications.
Choice B is incorrect because full-thickness burns on a specific area of the arm, even if full-thickness, are not as extensive as 60% TBSA involvement.
Choice C is incorrect as partial-thickness burns across 25% of the body, not involving critical areas, do not meet the criteria for a critical burn based on TBSA.
Choice D is also incorrect as partial-thickness burns on 25% of the body, not involving critical areas, do not meet the criteria for a critical burn based on TBSA.
You may also like to solve these questions
You are transporting a 20-year-old pregnant female from a local hospital to a medical facility that specializes in high-risk pregnancies when you note the patient is experiencing unexplained hypotension and bradycardia. The patient has a patent IV and is being administered magnesium that was initiated by hospital staff. On the cardiac monitor, the patient presents with a lengthening PR interval and signs of an impending high-degree nodal block. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate in this case?
- A. Increase the magnesium sulfate infusion rate, and administer a 1,000 mL normal saline bolus to support the patient's blood pressure
- B. Stop the magnesium sulfate infusion immediately, and administer the appropriate dose of calcium chloride to correct the adverse effects of magnesium toxicity
- C. Continue the infusion, but administer potassium chloride to counteract the adverse effects of the magnesium chloride administration
- D. Reduce the infusion by half, and administer dextrose 50% to counteract the adverse cardiac effects caused by the magnesium chloride infusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stop the magnesium sulfate infusion immediately, and administer the appropriate dose of calcium chloride to correct the adverse effects of magnesium toxicity.
Rationale:
1. **Stop magnesium infusion**: Magnesium toxicity can cause hypotension, bradycardia, and high-degree nodal block, hence stopping the infusion is crucial.
2. **Administer calcium chloride**: Calcium is the antidote for magnesium toxicity as it competes with magnesium for binding sites, reversing its effects.
3. **Corrects adverse effects**: Calcium chloride helps in counteracting the negative effects of magnesium on the cardiovascular system.
Summary:
- **Option A**: Increasing magnesium and giving saline won't address magnesium toxicity.
- **Option C**: Potassium won't counteract magnesium toxicity.
- **Option D**: Reducing infusion and giving dextrose won't correct magnesium toxicity.
One way for a nursing assistant to help a resident with AD with eating is to
- A. Put a few types of food on the plate at the same time.
- B. Use dishes without patterns and simple place settings.
- C. Withhold food until the resident is very hungry.
- D. Serve steaming hot food.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because using dishes without patterns and simple place settings can help residents with Alzheimer's disease focus on their meal. Complex patterns can be distracting and confusing for them. This approach promotes independence and reduces agitation during mealtime.
Choice A is incorrect because presenting multiple types of food on the plate can overwhelm and confuse the resident, leading to decreased appetite and difficulty eating.
Choice C is incorrect as withholding food until the resident is very hungry can lead to frustration, increased agitation, and may even result in malnutrition.
Choice D is incorrect because serving steaming hot food can pose a burn risk to the resident if they have sensory impairments or cognitive deficits that prevent them from recognizing the temperature.
What is the purpose of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013?
- A. To inform the general public and local authorities of any incidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences which occur as a result of work in a public area.
- B. To keep records within a company of any deaths, injuries, occupational diseases and dangerous occurrences, so employers are able to investigate regular incidents.
- C. To inform the authorities about any deaths, occupational diseases, injuries and dangerous occurrences, so risks are acknowledged and investigated if required.
- D. To report any deaths, diseases, injuries and dangerous occurrences in order to indicate where employers need to spend more money on safety and personal protective equipment for their staff.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RIDDOR informs authorities of incidents for acknowledgment and investigation.
One way to manage stress is to
- A. Decrease the level of exercise
- B. Multi-task when possible to get things done more quickly
- C. Develop new hobbies
- D. Talk to residents and their families about stress
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Develop new hobbies. Engaging in hobbies can provide a healthy distraction, promote relaxation, and reduce stress levels. It allows individuals to focus on activities they enjoy, leading to a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction. Developing new hobbies also helps in creating a balance between work and personal life, contributing to overall well-being.
Incorrect choices:
A: Decreasing exercise can actually increase stress levels as exercise is known to release endorphins and reduce stress.
B: Multitasking can increase stress levels and reduce efficiency as it divides attention and can lead to errors.
D: While talking to residents and families may provide support, it may not directly address personal stress management techniques.
What is one normal age-related change in the gastrointestinal system?
- A. Increase in the ability to taste
- B. Difficulty chewing and swallowing
- C. Increase of saliva production
- D. More rapid movement of body waste through the intestines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Difficulty chewing and swallowing. As people age, the muscles in the mouth and throat may weaken, leading to challenges with chewing and swallowing. This can result in slower eating and increased risk of choking.
Incorrect options:
A: Increase in the ability to taste - This is not a normal age-related change. Taste buds may decrease with age, leading to a reduced ability to taste.
C: Increase of saliva production - Saliva production typically decreases with age, not increases.
D: More rapid movement of body waste through the intestines - Aging usually slows down the movement of waste through the intestines, leading to constipation rather than rapid movement.