Nokea
Which of the following portions of the placenta secretes HCG?
- A. Syncytiotrophoblast
- B. Cytotrophoblast
- C. Endometrium
- D. Chorion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Syncytiotrophoblast. This layer of the placenta secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone crucial for maintaining pregnancy by supporting the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated layer formed from the fusion of cytotrophoblast cells and is responsible for hormone secretion.
B: Cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast but does not secrete HCG.
C: Endometrium is the lining of the uterus and is not part of the placenta.
D: Chorion is a membrane that contributes to the formation of the placenta but does not secrete HCG.
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The term __________ describes an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection.
- A. cervicitis
- B. vaginitis
- C. cercicopathy
- D. vaginoplasty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cervicitis. Cervicitis specifically refers to inflammation of the cervix, often due to an infection. Vaginitis (B) is inflammation of the vagina, not the cervix. Cercicopathy (C) is not a medical term. Vaginoplasty (D) is a surgical procedure to reconstruct or tighten the vagina, unrelated to inflammation or infection of the cervix.
When do progesterone levels rise to their highest point during the female hormonal cycle?
- A. Between ovulation and the beginning of menstruation
- B. Immediately before ovulation
- C. When the blood concentration of luteinizing hormone is at its highest point
- D. When 12 primary follicles are developing to the antral stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Progesterone levels rise to their highest point between ovulation and the beginning of menstruation because this is the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle when the corpus luteum (formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation) secretes progesterone. This hormone prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains a potential pregnancy.
Explanation for other choices:
- B: Immediately before ovulation, estrogen levels are high, not progesterone.
- C: Luteinizing hormone surge triggers ovulation, not directly related to progesterone rise.
- D: The development of primary follicles is associated with estrogen, not progesterone.
Which of the following instructions would a nurse give a client undergoing treatment for an HSV-2 infection?
- A. Have an annual Papanicolaou smear to detect cervical cancer.
- B. Have an annual mammogram to detect breast cancer.
- C. Increase the frequency of breast self-examination for early detection of any breast disorders.
- D. Undergo an HIV detection test every six months.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular Pap smears are important for detecting cervical changes related to HSV-2.
Which of the following structures are located inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum?
- A. bulbourethral gland
- B. Seminal vesicles
- C. Ejaculatory ducts
- D. Urethral ducts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: bulbourethral gland. These glands are located inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum. They secrete a clear mucus-like fluid that neutralizes acidic urine in the urethra.
The other choices are incorrect:
B: Seminal vesicles are located posterior to the bladder and contribute to seminal fluid production.
C: Ejaculatory ducts connect the vas deferens to the urethra and are not located in the deep muscles of the perineum.
D: Urethral ducts are not a specific anatomical structure and do not exist in this context.
The external genitalia of the female are collectively called the
- A. labia
- B. vulva
- C. clitoris
- D. mons pubis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: vulva. The vulva includes all external female genital structures, such as the labia, clitoris, and mons pubis. The term "vulva" is the most inclusive and accurate choice, encompassing all components of the external female genitalia. The other options, A, C, and D, refer to specific parts of the vulva, making them incorrect in this context. The labia are the outer and inner folds surrounding the vaginal opening, the clitoris is a highly sensitive organ involved in sexual pleasure, and the mons pubis is the fatty tissue overlying the pubic bone.