Nokea
Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?
- A. Diffusion down a concentration gradient
- B. Active transport using energy or passive transport using carrier proteins
- C. Conversion to carbon monoxide
- D. Conversion to carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diffusion down a concentration gradient. In the alveoli, carbon dioxide moves from an area of higher concentration in the blood to an area of lower concentration in the alveolar air sacs. This movement occurs through simple diffusion, which does not require energy or carrier proteins. Active transport (B) requires energy input from the cell, while conversion to carbon monoxide (C) or conversion to carbon dioxide (D) are not processes involved in the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli.
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Where do both digestion and absorption occur in the digestive system?
- A. Stomach
- B. Esophagus
- C. Gallbladder
- D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Both digestion and absorption take place in the small intestine. The small intestine is a crucial organ where the breakdown of food into smaller molecules, digestion, occurs with the help of enzymes. This process is essential for the absorption of nutrients, where the smaller molecules are taken up by the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. While the stomach aids in digestion through the action of gastric juices, the esophagus serves as a tube for food passage, and the gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver to aid in fat digestion. However, neither digestion nor absorption occurs in the stomach, esophagus, or gallbladder, making the small intestine the correct answer for both processes.
To accurately measure the density of a series of small irregular solids made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, and glass, which of the following laboratory tools will a student need?
- A. Graduated cylinder, water, weighing balance
- B. Weighing balance, Bunsen burner, metric ruler
- C. Graduated cylinder, spectrophotometer, water
- D. Graduated beaker, metric ruler, water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To accurately measure the density of irregular solids made of various materials, a student needs specific laboratory tools. Firstly, a graduated cylinder is required to measure the volume of the irregular solids using the water displacement method, which allows for precise volume determination. Secondly, a weighing balance is necessary to measure the mass of the irregular solids accurately. Density is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume, hence the need for both mass and volume measurements. Therefore, the essential tools for this task are a combination of a graduated cylinder, water, and weighing balance (Choice A). These tools together provide the necessary measurements for calculating the density of the irregular solids accurately.
To accurately measure the density of a series of small irregular solids made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, and glass, which of the following laboratory tools will a student need?
- A. Graduated cylinder, water, weighing balance
- B. Weighing balance, Bunsen burner, metric ruler
- C. Graduated cylinder, spectrophotometer, water
- D. Graduated beaker, metric ruler, water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To measure the density of irregular solids, a student needs a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of the solids by water displacement, water for the displacement method, and a weighing balance to measure the mass of the solids. Density is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume.
Which of the following is a function of bone?
- A. Detoxification of alcohol
- B. Production of otoliths
- C. Storage of minerals
- D. Secretion of hormones
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bones serve as a crucial storage site for essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus. These minerals are indispensable for various physiological functions in the body, such as muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. Bones act as a reservoir for these minerals, releasing them into the bloodstream as needed to maintain appropriate mineral levels. Therefore, the correct answer is C, storage of minerals.
The covalent bonds between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule are
- A. phosphodiester bonds
- B. glycosidic bonds
- C. ester bonds
- D. peptide bonds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enzymes are proteins, and proteins are made up of amino acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds. Therefore, the covalent bonds between the monomers of an enzyme macromolecule are peptide bonds.