Nokea
Which of the following refers to the reduction in a drug's effect that follows persistent use?
- A. Addiction
- B. Tolerance
- C. Withdrawal
- D. Dependence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tolerance refers to the reduction in a drug's effect that follows persistent use. Addiction is drug-seeking behaviors that interfere with work, relationships, and normal activities. Withdrawal refers to the physical symptoms and craving for a drug that occur when a person abruptly stops using an abused substance. Dependence means that a person must take a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
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Which blood alcohol level (BAL) is associated with coma?
- A. 200 mg/dL
- B. 300 mg/dL
- C. 400 mg/dL
- D. 500 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A BAL of 400 mg/dL is associated with coma. A BAL of 200 mg/dL is associated with staggering and poor control of emotions. A BAL of 300 mg/dL is associated with mental confusion and stupor. A BAL of 500 mg/dL is associated with respiratory depression and death.
A client who has attempted to quit smoking and failed two times before is reluctant to make another attempt. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. You will know when the time is right.
- B. Most people who have tried and failed ultimately do succeed.
- C. Tell me what you have tried before and we can make changes to your plan.
- D. I know you can do it this time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Attempts to quit are a predictor of eventual success, and many of those who have tried and failed do ultimately succeed. Providing the client with this encouragement supports the desire to quit. Waiting until the time is right may postpone the urge to quit. The nurse does not 'know' for certainty that a client is going to achieve a goal but can be a supporter during the process. Although having a plan to follow is important, the support and encouragement to take the first step is the springboard.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding alcohol use in the older adult population?
- A. Older adults who drink exhibit less impairment.
- B. Older adults have a higher metabolism which leads to alcohol toxicity.
- C. Alcoholism may be difficult to identify in older adults.
- D. Dementia may be associated with high ingestion of alcohol for 10 or more years.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcoholism may be difficult to identify in older adults because symptoms such as tremors, unsteady gait, or memory loss mimic changes associated with aging. Older adults who drink exhibit more impairment. Older adults have a slower metabolism. Dementia may be associated with heavy ingestion of alcohol for 10 or more years, or with ingestion of other toxic substances, including heavy metals.
The client who reports drinking half a case of beer each day is admitted for detoxification. Which answer explains the onset of withdrawal symptoms 4 hours after last reported drink?
- A. The client will progress through detox faster than expected.
- B. Early onset of withdrawal symptoms indicates incorrect reporting of the time of last use.
- C. Three hours is the normal onset for withdrawal symptoms to begin.
- D. The withdrawal process will take about 24 hours from time of onset.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol withdrawal usually begins 6 hours after last drink. This client has incorrectly reported the time of last use. The withdrawal process from alcohol usually takes about 48 hours or more.
A client states, 'My father was an alcoholic so I am destined to be one too.' Which is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Children of alcoholics are more likely to become alcoholic.
- B. There is treatment available to prevent the trait of alcoholism.
- C. This is just a theory and has no basis of proof.
- D. Let's talk about how you can take control of your destiny.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Even with a possible genetic link to alcoholism, the individual remains in control of taking the first drink that triggers the metabolism of alcohol to THIQ. Every person is responsible for his or her own destiny and should receive encouragement to exercise that control. Children of alcoholics (COA) do have a greater likelihood of developing alcohol dependency. The only prevention of the trait of alcoholism is abstinence.