Nokea
Which of the following sentences follows the rules of capitalization?
- A. As juveniles, African white-backed vultures are darkly colored, developing their white feathers only as they grow into adulthood.
- B. Ukrainians celebrate a holiday called Malanka during which men dress in costumes and masks and play tricks on their neighbors.
- C. Because of its distance from the sun, the planet Neptune has seasons that last the equivalent of forty-one Earth years.
- D. Edward Jenner, considered the Father of Immunology, invented the world's first vaccine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In sentence B, "Ukrainians" is capitalized because it is referring to a specific group of people, and "Malanka" is also capitalized as it is a holiday name. This follows the rules of capitalization for proper nouns. Choices A, C, and D contain correct capitalization, but they also include additional capitalizations that are unnecessary. For instance, in choice A, "African white-backed vultures" should not be capitalized unless it is part of a proper noun or a title. In choice C, while "Neptune" and "Earth" should be capitalized as they are names of celestial bodies, the word "sun" is not capitalized unless it is used as part of the proper noun "Sun." Choice D correctly capitalizes proper nouns like "Edward Jenner" and "Immunology," but the general terms like "Father" and "vaccine" do not need capitalization unless they are part of a title or a specific name.
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On Parents' Day, a public holiday in the Democratic Republic of Congo, families celebrate parents' both living and deceased. Which of the following punctuation marks is used incorrectly?
- A. the apostrophe in Parents' Day
- B. the comma following Day
- C. the comma following Congo
- D. the apostrophe in parents'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The comma following 'Day' is used incorrectly. Commas are typically not used after single-word identifiers like 'Day' in a sentence unless they are part of a list. In this case, the holiday is referred to as 'Parents' Day,' where the apostrophe is used correctly to indicate possession. The comma following 'Day' is unnecessary and should be removed for proper punctuation. Choices A and D both use apostrophes correctly to indicate possession, so they are not incorrect. The comma following 'Congo' in choice C is necessary to set off the introductory phrase 'a public holiday in the Democratic Republic of Congo.' Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Which of the following prefixes would be used to indicate that something is inside or within?
- A. intra-
- B. trans-
- C. anti-
- D. hyper-
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "intra-". The prefix "intra-" is used to indicate that something is inside or within. For example, "intracellular" means within a cell, and "intrapersonal" means within oneself. Choice B, "trans-", typically indicates across, beyond, or through, not inside or within. Choice C, "anti-", is used to indicate against or opposed to. Choice D, "hyper-", usually denotes excessive or above normal levels, not inside or within.
Unfortunately, the belief that changelings could be convinced to leave was not just an innocuous superstition; however, on some occasions, harm came to the individual who was thought to be a changeling. Which is the best way to revise and combine the underlined portion of the sentences?
- A. an innocuous superstition, on some occasions,
- B. an innocuous superstition, but on some occasions,
- C. an innocuous superstition; however, on some occasions,
- D. an innocuous superstition: on some occasions,
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best way to revise and combine the underlined portion of the sentences is by using a semicolon to show a stronger connection between the two ideas. Using 'however' after the semicolon helps to contrast the innocuous superstition with the negative outcome that sometimes occurred, providing a smoother flow between the ideas. Choice A is incorrect as it lacks a proper conjunction or punctuation to connect the ideas. Choice B is incorrect as 'but' does not effectively contrast the ideas as 'however' does. Choice D is incorrect as a colon is used to introduce a list or explanation, which is not suitable in this context where a contrast is needed.
The patient's preoperative evaluation is scheduled for next Wednesday. In the sentence, the prefix pre- indicates that the evaluation will take place at which of the following times?
- A. before the operation
- B. after the operation
- C. during the operation
- D. outside of the operation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The prefix 'pre-' typically means before. In this case, 'preoperative' refers to activities that occur before an operation. Therefore, the patient's preoperative evaluation, scheduled for next Wednesday, will take place before the operation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the prefix 'pre-' specifically indicates a time before the operation, not after, during, or outside of it.
Parrots, among the most intelligent birds in the world, have been prized pets for many centuries; in fact, the first recorded instance of parrot training was written in the thirteenth century. Which of the following is a synonym for prized as used in the sentence?
- A. unlikely
- B. misunderstood
- C. rewarded
- D. valued
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of the sentence, 'prized' is used to describe how much people value parrots as pets. Synonyms for 'prized' in this context would include esteemed, cherished, or valued, making option D the most suitable choice. Options A, B, and C do not accurately capture the meaning of 'prized' in this sentence.