Age Specific Care Quiz

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Which of the following should the nurse use as a basis for explaining the etiology of Alzheimer's disease to the family of a client with this disease?

  • A. It is a secondary dementia indicated by loss of recent memory and disorientation to time and place.
  • B. It is a primary dementia that is incurable, irreversible, and fatal. It is caused by the presence of a beta-amyloid protein in the neurons resulting in senile plaques.
  • C. It is a secondary dementia that is treatable with analysis of the diet and removal of toxic substances from the diet and environment.
  • D. It is a primary dementia characterized by stepwise decreases in cognitive abilities. It is irreversible but treatable with antihypertensive medications.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Alzheimer's disease is a primary dementia that is characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid protein in neurons leading to the formation of senile plaques. This explanation is accurate as it describes the key pathological process underlying Alzheimer's disease.

Choice A is incorrect because Alzheimer's disease is a primary dementia, not a secondary dementia. Choice C is incorrect because the etiology of Alzheimer's disease is not related to diet or toxic substances, so it is not treatable in that way. Choice D is incorrect because while Alzheimer's disease is irreversible, it is not treatable with antihypertensive medications as these medications are not effective in managing the disease process of Alzheimer's.

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The persistent eating of nonfood items such as clay, laundry starch, insects, leaves, or pebbles that lasts for longer than 1 month is called:

  • A. pica.
  • B. bulimia.
  • C. rumination.
  • D. regurgitation.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sure! The correct answer is A: pica. Pica is the persistent consumption of nonfood items lasting longer than 1 month. This condition is characterized by cravings for non-nutritive, nonfood substances. Bulimia (B) is a different eating disorder involving binge eating followed by purging behaviors. Rumination (C) is the repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food. Regurgitation (D) is the act of bringing swallowed food back to the mouth without nausea or retching.

A client, age 42, has been battered by her husband since they were married 8 years ago. Until this hospitalization for major depression, she had avoided dealing with her situation, but she now expresses a desire to deal with the problem. The attacks are occurring more often. Which outcome is realistic for the client?

  • A. Citing possible ways she may have contributed to the abusive episodes
  • B. Verbalizing an awareness of her increasingly dangerous situation
  • C. Setting a goal date for divorcing her husband
  • D. Employing methods of retaliating in order to get even with her husband
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Verbalizing an awareness of her increasingly dangerous situation. This choice is the most realistic outcome for the client as it shows an initial step towards acknowledging the severity of her situation. By verbalizing awareness, the client can begin to understand the potential dangers she faces, which is crucial for developing a safety plan and seeking appropriate help.

Choice A is incorrect as it may lead to victim-blaming and does not address the root cause of the abuse. Choice C is premature as setting a goal date for divorcing her husband requires careful planning and consideration of various factors. Choice D is inappropriate as retaliation can escalate the violence and put the client at further risk.

In summary, choice B is the best option as it focuses on increasing the client's awareness of her situation, which is a crucial first step towards addressing and eventually overcoming the abusive relationship.

A nurse monitors a patient with anorexia nervosa for complications of refeeding. Which assessment is most important?

  • A. Pupillary reaction to light
  • B. Temperature measurements
  • C. Reports of serum electrolytes
  • D. Complaints of sleep disturbances
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, reports of serum electrolytes. In anorexia nervosa, refeeding syndrome can occur, leading to electrolyte imbalances. Monitoring serum electrolytes is crucial to prevent complications like cardiac arrhythmias and seizures. Pupillary reaction, temperature, and sleep disturbances are important but not as critical as assessing electrolyte levels in this scenario.

Suicidal tendency is most commonly seen with

  • A. Schizophrenia
  • B. Obsessive Disorders
  • C. Mania
  • D. Depression
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Depression is the most common mental disorder associated with suicidal tendencies due to persistent feelings of hopelessness and despair.

CT scans of the brains of some young schizophrenics show than normal

  • A. wider ventricles
  • B. smaller fissures
  • C. smaller ventricles
  • D. fewer fissures
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Enlarged ventricles in schizophrenics suggest brain abnormalities linked to the disorder.

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