Nokea
Which of the following signs and symptoms is an early indication that a client has developed hypocalcemia?
- A. Tingling in the fingers
- B. Depressed reflexes
- C. Ventricular dysrhythmias
- D. Memory changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tingling in the fingers is an early sign of hypocalcemia due to neuromuscular irritability. Depressed reflexes, dysrhythmias, and memory changes are later or less specific.
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A 14-month-old child has a severe diaper rash. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse provide to the parents?
- A. Continue to use the baby wipes.
- B. Change the diaper every 4 to 6 hours.
- C. Wash the buttocks using mild soap.
- D. Apply powder to the diaper area.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mild soap cleanses without irritating the rash, promoting healing, unlike wipes or powder, which may worsen it.
The nurse is caring for a client who has just returned to the nursing unit after an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate at this time?
- A. Encourage a large fluid intake.
- B. Assess for return of bowel sounds.
- C. Assist with morning care.
- D. Administer a laxative as ordered.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging a large fluid intake post-IVP helps flush the contrast dye from the kidneys, reducing the risk of nephrotoxicity.
A client with a history of seizures is prescribed phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following side effects?
- A. Gingival hyperplasia
- B. Weight gain
- C. Insomnia
- D. Dry skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia, which requires monitoring and dental care. Weight gain, insomnia, and dry skin are not common side effects.
A client with chronic kidney disease is on a low-potassium diet. Which food should the nurse advise the client to avoid?
- A. Apples.
- B. Bananas.
- C. Cauliflower.
- D. White bread.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bananas are high in potassium, which must be limited in chronic kidney disease to prevent hyperkalemia.
The nurse teaches the client diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis about the prescribed indomethacin therapy. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?
- A. I'll rest if I am having pain.
- B. I need to call the office if I notice a rash.
- C. I can take a pill whenever I need to for pain.
- D. I'll watch for indications that my feet or fingers are swollen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Indomethacin may alleviate pain but is administered on a scheduled time frame, not on an as-needed schedule. Rest can be effective to relieve gouty arthritis pain. A rash could indicate hypersensitivity to the medication. The client should be instructed to monitor for swelling and gastric distress, which can be caused by the medication.