Pediatric NCLEX Questions

Pediatric NCLEX Questions Related

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Which of the following statements about fluid replacement is accurate for a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?

  • A. Administer 2 to 3L of IV fluid rapidly
  • B. Administer 6L of IV fluid over the first 24 hours
  • C. Administer a dextrose solution containing normal saline solution
  • D. Administer IV fluid slowly to prevent circulatory overload and collapse
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), the correct statement is to administer 6L of IV fluid over the first 24 hours (option B). The management of HHNS focuses on correcting dehydration and hyperglycemia. The initial fluid resuscitation in HHNS aims to address the profound dehydration that occurs due to osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia. The recommended rate is to administer 1 to 1.5 L/hour of IV fluid until the patient is hemodynamically stable and urine output is adequate. Administering fluid rapidly helps to address the hypovolemia and prevent complications associated with shock. Administering fluid too slowly may delay the correction of dehydration and lead to further complications.

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There seems to be a positive correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and:

  • A. Hypotension
  • B. Obesity
  • C. Kidney dysfunction
  • D. Sex
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: There is a well-established positive correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes due to excess body fat leading to increased insulin resistance. As fat accumulates in the body, especially around the abdomen, the cells become less responsive to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise. This can ultimately lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Managing obesity through lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating and regular exercise is crucial in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes.

Biopsy is not usually performed for a child with suspicion of Wilms tumor EXCEPT

  • A. age of 2-3 year
  • B. signs of inflammation or infection
  • C. significant lymph node enlargement radiologically
  • D. intratumoral calcification radiologically
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Presence of intratumoral calcifications may warrant biopsy to rule out other diagnoses.

Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year?

  • A. Congenital anomalies
  • B. Sudden infant death syndrome
  • C. Respiratory distress syndrome
  • D. Bacterial sepsis of the newborn
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year. These anomalies are conditions that a baby is born with, either due to genetic factors or other factors during fetal development. They can affect various parts of the body, such as the heart, brain, or other organs. Congenital anomalies can be severe and life-threatening, leading to infant mortality. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is also a significant cause of infant deaths, but congenital anomalies are more commonly cited as the leading cause of death in this age group.

During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect

  • A. electrolytes
  • B. serum proteins
  • C. hormones
  • D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.

During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect

  • A. electrolytes
  • B. serum proteins
  • C. hormones
  • D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.

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