Nokea
Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?
- A. They can be unicellular or multicellular
- B. They are all parasitic and cause disease in humans
- C. They play a vital role in decomposition and nutrient cycling
- D. Some are used in food production, like mushrooms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) This statement is true. Fungi can exist in both unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (molds and mushrooms) forms.
B) This statement is false. While some fungi can be parasitic and cause diseases in humans, not all fungi exhibit this behavior. Many fungi are beneficial and play essential roles in ecosystems.
C) This statement is true. Fungi are crucial for decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. They break down organic matter and recycle nutrients back into the environment.
D) This statement is true. Some fungi, like mushrooms, are used in food production and are consumed by humans.
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What is the term for a solution that has exactly the same concentration of solute as another solution?
- A. Saturated solution
- B. Unsaturated solution
- C. Isotonic solution
- D. Concentrated solution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An isotonic solution is a solution that has the same concentration of solute as another solution. When cells are placed in an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, maintaining equilibrium. Choice A, a saturated solution, refers to a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature. Choice B, an unsaturated solution, is a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions. Choice D, a concentrated solution, is a solution with a high amount of solute compared to the solvent.
Which condition can lead to blood clots and stroke?
- A. Aneurysm
- B. Arrhythmia
- C. Asthma
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypertension is the correct answer. Hypertension can cause damage to blood vessels, increasing the risk of blood clots forming, which can potentially lead to a stroke. Aneurysm is a localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel that can lead to complications but does not directly cause blood clots and strokes. Arrhythmia refers to irregular heart rhythms and is not directly linked to the formation of blood clots. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition and does not typically lead to blood clots and strokes.
Which white blood cell type is responsible for the initial attack on pathogens?
- A. Red blood cells
- B. Platelets
- C. Phagocytes
- D. Lymphocytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that is crucial in the initial attack on pathogens. These cells have the ability to engulf and digest foreign particles such as bacteria and viruses, thereby preventing infections. Red blood cells primarily function in oxygen transport, platelets are vital for blood clotting, and lymphocytes are involved in the immune response. However, phagocytes are specifically designed to provide the initial defense against pathogens by directly attacking and eliminating them.
What is the difference between the atomic number and the mass number of an atom?
- A. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, while the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- B. The atomic number is the number of electrons in an atom, while the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- C. The atomic number is the number of neutrons in the nucleus, while the mass number is the total number of protons and electrons in an atom.
- D. The atomic number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, while the mass number is the total number of electrons in an atom.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons in its nucleus, which defines the element's identity. On the other hand, the mass number corresponds to the total sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Therefore, the key distinction between the atomic number and the mass number lies in the fact that the atomic number specifically counts the protons, whereas the mass number encompasses both protons and neutrons. Choice B is incorrect because the atomic number is not related to the number of electrons but rather to the number of protons. Choice C is incorrect because the atomic number is not the number of neutrons but the number of protons. Choice D is incorrect because the atomic number does not include neutrons; it is solely the number of protons.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a chemical reaction?
- A. Formation of new substances
- B. Release or absorption of energy
- C. Change in color
- D. Change in temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A change in color is not always a characteristic of a chemical reaction. While some chemical reactions may result in a change in color, it is not a universal characteristic of all chemical reactions. The formation of new substances, release or absorption of energy, and change in temperature are commonly associated with chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it does not always occur in every chemical reaction.