Nokea
Which of the following statements about TB treatment is INCORRECT?
- A. Combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs is the treatment of choice
- B. Single drug therapy is appropriate
- C. Treatment renders patients non-infectious and cured
- D. Tuberculosis is a curable disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Single drug therapy is not appropriate for TB due to the risk of developing resistance. The most effective approach to TB treatment is a combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs. This combination helps to prevent the development of drug resistance and improve treatment outcomes. Choice C is correct as TB treatment, when completed successfully, renders patients non-infectious and cured. Choice D is also correct as tuberculosis is indeed a curable disease with appropriate treatment. Therefore, the incorrect statement is B.
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Which family planning method is not advisable for women with extremely irregular menstrual periods?
- A. oral contraceptives
- B. diaphragm
- C. natural family planning
- D. vaginal contraceptives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural family planning relies on tracking menstrual cycles to determine fertile days for avoiding or achieving pregnancy. It may not be suitable for women with extremely irregular menstrual periods as it can be challenging to predict fertile days accurately. Oral contraceptives (A), diaphragms (B), and vaginal contraceptives (D) do not rely on regular menstrual cycles for their effectiveness, making them more suitable options for women with irregular periods.
Which of the following is a voluntary organization?
- A. NIH
- B. FDA
- C. CDC
- D. ADA
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) is a voluntary organization that relies on voluntary contributions and membership fees. NIH (National Institutes of Health), FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) are governmental agencies and not voluntary organizations. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
The nurse is caring for a 75-year-old client in congestive heart failure. Which finding suggests that digitalis levels should be reviewed?
- A. Extreme fatigue
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Intense itching
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Extreme fatigue can be a sign of digitalis toxicity, especially in older adults, and warrants a review of the client's medication levels and potential adjustment. Increased appetite, intense itching, and constipation are not typically associated with digitalis toxicity and do not directly indicate a need for a review of digitalis levels.
The nurse is teaching a client with cardiac disease about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. Which is the correct pathway of blood flow through the heart?
- A. Right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
- B. Left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium
- C. Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
- D. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct pathway of blood flow through the heart starts with blood entering the right atrium, moving to the right ventricle, then to the lungs for oxygenation, returning to the left atrium, and finally to the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body. Option A is incorrect as it starts with the ventricles instead of the atria. Option B is incorrect as it has the sequence of ventricles before atria reversed. Option D is incorrect as it has the atria and ventricles mixed up.
Which of the following measures the proportion of the population that exhibits a particular disease at a particular time and includes both new and old cases?
- A. proportionate morbidity rate
- B. case fatality rate
- C. incidence ratio
- D. prevalence ratio
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, prevalence ratio. Prevalence ratio measures the proportion of the population with a particular disease at a specific time, including both new and existing cases. Choice A, proportionate morbidity rate, is not a standard term and might confuse students. Choice B, case fatality rate, measures the proportion of deaths from a specific disease compared to the total number of cases but does not include both new and old cases. Choice C, incidence ratio, measures the rate of new cases of a disease in a specific population over a defined period, not considering existing cases.