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Which of the following statements about the assessment of persons with anxiety and anxiety disorders is most accurate?
- A. When an elder person has an onset of anxiety for the first time in his or her life, it is possible that the anxiety is associated with another condition.
- B. Panic attacks are the most common late-life anxiety disorders.
- C. An elder person with anxiety may be experiencing ruminative thoughts.
- D. Agoraphobia that occurs in late life may be related to trauma experienced or anticipated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Late-onset anxiety in elders is often linked to conditions like depression or physical illness, not primarily panic attacks or ruminative thoughts.
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A client experiences panic attacks when confronted with riding in elevators. The therapist is teaching the client ways to relax while incrementally exposing the client to getting on an elevator. This technique is called
- A. systematic desensitization.
- B. flooding.
- C. cognitive restructuring.
- D. exposure therapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Systematic desensitization involves gradual exposure to a phobia in a safe setting to reduce anxiety, unlike rapid flooding or cognitive techniques.
The nurse knows that which of the following are stages in Selye's general adaptation syndrome? Select all that apply.
- A. Alarm reaction stage
- B. Resistance stage
- C. Coping stage
- D. Exhaustion stage
- E. Panic stage
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Selye's general adaptation syndrome includes the alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion stages, but not coping or panic stages.
The nurse enters the client's room and finds the client anxiously pacing the floor. The client begins shouting at the nurse, 'Get out of my room!' The best intervention by the nurse would be to
- A. approach the client and ask, 'What's wrong?'
- B. call for help and say, 'Calm down.'
- C. turn and walk away from the room without saying anything.
- D. stand at the doorway and say, 'You seem upset.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Standing at a distance and acknowledging the client's distress maintains safety and encourages communication without escalating anxiety.
The nursing student answers the test item correctly when identifying which one of the following statements is true?
- A. Anxiety and fear are the same.
- B. Anxiety is unavoidable.
- C. Anxiety is always harmful.
- D. Fear is feeling threatened by an unknown entity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anxiety is unavoidable and can be positive, motivating action, unlike fear, which is a response to a clear threat.
Which of the following theories about anxiety is based upon intrapsychic theories?
- A. A person's innate anxiety is the stimulus for behavior.
- B. Anxiety is generated from problems in interpersonal relationships.
- C. A nurse can help the client to achieve health by attending to interpersonal and physiologic needs.
- D. Anxiety is learned through experiences.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intrapsychic theories, like Freud's, view innate anxiety as a stimulus for behavior, unlike interpersonal or behavioral theories.