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Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of culturally competent care?
- A. The health care provider is able to understand and speak the patient's mother tongue.
- B. The health care provider possesses a basic knowledge of the patient's cultural background.
- C. The health care provider has knowledge of the significance of social, economic, and cultural contexts.
- D. The health care provider applies knowledge, skills, attitudes, and personal attributes to maximize respect and care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Culturally competent care involves applying knowledge, skills, attitudes, and personal attributes to provide respectful and effective care.
Step 2: Understanding and speaking the patient's mother tongue (Option A) is important but not sufficient for culturally competent care.
Step 3: Possessing basic knowledge of the patient's cultural background (Option B) is helpful, but not comprehensive enough to ensure culturally competent care.
Step 4: Having knowledge of the significance of social, economic, and cultural contexts (Option C) is crucial but does not encompass the full scope of culturally competent care.
Step 5: The correct answer, D, encompasses the holistic approach needed for culturally competent care by emphasizing the application of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and personal attributes to maximize respect and care.
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Which choice is *not* allowed when planning care for a client undergoing diagnostic genetic counseling?
- A. Terminating the pregnancy
- B. Preparing for the birth of a child with special needs
- C. Accessing support services before birth
- D. Completing the grieving process before birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because completing the grieving process before birth is not appropriate when planning care for a client undergoing genetic counseling. This is because genetic counseling aims to provide information and support to help clients make informed decisions about their pregnancy or future child's health. Grieving before birth implies assuming a negative outcome before all information is gathered, which can be premature and may not align with the purpose of genetic counseling. Choices A, B, and C are allowed as they involve valid actions such as decision-making, preparation, and accessing support services, all of which are important aspects of genetic counseling.
How many teeth should an 18-month-old child have?
- A. 6
- B. 8
- C. 12
- D. 16
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 12. At 18 months, a child should have 12 teeth, which include 8 incisors and 4 molars. This is because children typically start teething around 6 months, with the lower central incisors coming first. By 18 months, they should have all 8 incisors and usually the first set of molars. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the typical dental development timeline for children. Having only 6, 8, or 16 teeth at 18 months would indicate a delay or abnormality in dental growth.
What is the most appropriate intervention for a client with a wound infection?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Apply sterile dressing
- C. Cleanse and dress the wound
- D. Administer analgesics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antibiotics. This is the most appropriate intervention for a wound infection as antibiotics target the underlying bacterial infection causing the wound infection. Antibiotics help to eliminate the infection and prevent it from spreading further. Administering antibiotics is crucial in treating wound infections to promote healing and prevent complications.
Choice B (Apply sterile dressing) is incorrect as simply applying a sterile dressing does not address the underlying infection. Choice C (Cleanse and dress the wound) is also incorrect because while wound cleansing is important, it alone may not be sufficient to treat a wound infection. Choice D (Administer analgesics) is incorrect because analgesics only provide pain relief and do not address the infection itself.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about managing triggers. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize to avoid asthma attacks?
- A. Using over-the-counter medications to control symptoms.
- B. Avoiding environmental allergens and smoking.
- C. Increasing physical activity to strengthen the lungs.
- D. Limiting fluid intake to reduce mucus production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoiding environmental allergens and smoking. Environmental allergens and smoking are common triggers for asthma attacks. Avoiding these triggers can significantly reduce the risk of exacerbations. Over-the-counter medications may provide symptomatic relief but do not address the underlying triggers. Increasing physical activity can be beneficial but may also trigger asthma attacks in some individuals. Limiting fluid intake to reduce mucus production is not a recommended strategy for managing asthma triggers.
What is the best nursing action for a client with a wound infection?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Apply sterile dressing
- C. Monitor blood pressure
- D. Place the client in a sitting position
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antibiotics. This is the best nursing action for a client with a wound infection because antibiotics are necessary to treat the infection at its source, targeting the bacteria causing the infection. Antibiotics help prevent the infection from spreading and promote healing.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Applying a sterile dressing is important for wound care but does not address the underlying infection.
C: Monitoring blood pressure is important for overall patient assessment but does not directly treat the wound infection.
D: Placing the client in a sitting position is not relevant to treating a wound infection.