Chapter 11 Cardiovascular Drugs Test Questions Quizlet

Chapter 11 Cardiovascular Drugs Test Questions Quizlet Related

Review Chapter 11 Cardiovascular Drugs Test Questions Quizlet related questions and content

Which of the following statements concerning potassium channel openers is true?

  • A. These agents decrease transmembrane calcium current associated in a smooth muscle with long-lasting relaxation and in a cardiac muscle with a reduction in contractility
  • B. These agents has a moderate reflex and vascular dilative action caused by the stimulation of sensitive nerve endings
  • C. Beneficial effects of these agents are related primarily to their hemodynamic effects – decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility – which decrease myocardial oxygen requirements at rest and during exercise
  • D. These agents increase the permeability of K channels, probably ATP-dependent K channels, that results in stabilizing the membrane potential of excitable cells near the resting potential
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D

Rationale:
1. Potassium channel openers increase the permeability of potassium channels, specifically ATP-dependent K channels.
2. This increased permeability results in stabilizing the membrane potential of excitable cells near the resting potential.
3. By stabilizing the membrane potential, these agents help regulate cell excitability and function.
4. This mechanism of action is crucial in conditions like cardiac arrhythmias and smooth muscle hyperactivity.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. This statement incorrectly associates potassium channel openers with decreasing calcium current, which is not their primary mechanism of action.
B. This statement inaccurately attributes reflex and vascular dilative actions to potassium channel openers, which are not their primary effects.
C. This statement wrongly suggests that the beneficial effects of potassium channel openers are primarily hemodynamic, while their main mechanism is through potassium channel permeability modulation.

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Indication for calcium administration is:

  • A. Failure of formation of vitamin D in skin
  • B. Malabsorption of vitamin D from intestine
  • C. Hypercalcemia of malignancy
  • D. Vitamin D deficiency
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Calcium administration is indicated in malabsorption of vitamin D because vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption in the intestine.
2. Malabsorption of vitamin D leads to decreased calcium absorption, which can result in calcium deficiency.
3. Administering calcium can help compensate for the decreased absorption of calcium due to vitamin D malabsorption.

Summary:
- Option A is incorrect as the formation of vitamin D in the skin is not directly related to calcium administration.
- Option C is incorrect as hypercalcemia of malignancy indicates excess calcium, not a need for calcium administration.
- Option D is incorrect as it mentions the deficiency of vitamin D, not the malabsorption of vitamin D, which is the indication for calcium administration.

Hypertriglyceridemia denotes high blood levels of triglycerides. It has been associated with atherosclerosis, even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels). This consideration is:

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
  • C. All
  • D. None
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Hypertriglyceridemia is indeed associated with atherosclerosis, even without high cholesterol levels. Triglycerides play a role in the development of atherosclerosis by contributing to the formation of plaque in the arteries. High levels of triglycerides can lead to inflammation and damage to the arterial walls, promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the statement is true. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis as described in the question stem.

Which of the following agents inhibits hepatic metabolism of hypnotics?

  • A. Flumasenil
  • B. Cimetidin
  • C. Phenytoin
  • D. Theophylline
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cimetidine. Cimetidine is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor that can inhibit hepatic metabolism of drugs like hypnotics, leading to increased drug levels and potential toxicity. Flumazenil (A) is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, not a metabolic inhibitor. Phenytoin (C) induces hepatic enzymes, increasing metabolism of other drugs. Theophylline (D) is metabolized by cytochrome P450, but it doesn't inhibit metabolism of hypnotics.

These histamine H1 antagonists are recognized for as second-generation antihistamines, EXCEPT:

  • A. Astemizole
  • B. Loratadine (Claritin)
  • C. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
  • D. Suprastine
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Suprastine, because it is not a second-generation antihistamine. Second-generation antihistamines are known for having minimal sedative effects and longer duration of action compared to first-generation antihistamines. Astemizole, Loratadine, and Cetirizine are all second-generation antihistamines with these characteristics. Suprastine, on the other hand, is a first-generation antihistamine and does not meet the criteria for being a second-generation antihistamine. Therefore, it is the exception in this list.

A 74-year-old professional golfer has chest pain that occurs toward the end of his golfing games. He says the pain usually goes away after 1 or 2 sublingual nitroglycerin tablets and rest. What type of angina is he experiencing?

  • A. Classic
  • B. Variant
  • C. Unstable
  • D. Prinzmetal’s
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Classic angina. This type of angina is characterized by chest pain occurring predictably with exertion and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. In this case, the golfer experiences pain at the end of games, consistent with exertional angina. Variant angina (B) occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasm. Unstable angina (C) is characterized by chest pain at rest that is new or changing in pattern. Prinzmetal's angina (D) is also due to coronary artery spasm but typically occurs at rest and is not necessarily related to exertion.