Nokea
Which of the following statements correctly describe the peritoneum?
- A. The largest serous membrane
- B. A serous membrane
- C. The largest synovial membrane
- D. A mucous membrane
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the peritoneum is indeed the largest serous membrane in the body. It lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it, providing lubrication and reducing friction. Choice B is incorrect because the peritoneum is a serous membrane, not a synovial membrane (Choice C) or a mucous membrane (Choice D). The peritoneum does not secrete synovial fluid like synovial membranes or produce mucus like mucous membranes. Hence, Choice A is the only statement that accurately describes the peritoneum.
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Which equation is used to calculate the power P of the machine?
- A. P = ΔE × t
- B. P = W × t
- C. P = ΔE / t
- D. P = W / ΔE
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct equation for calculating power is P = ΔE / t. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. In this equation, ΔE represents the change in energy and t represents the time taken for that change. Dividing the change in energy by the time gives us the power. This equation aligns with the fundamental definition of power.
Choice A (P = ΔE × t) is incorrect because it implies that power is directly proportional to both the change in energy and time, which is not always the case.
Choice B (P = W × t) is incorrect because it incorrectly uses work (W) in the equation for power, while power is specifically related to the rate at which work is done, not the work itself.
Choice D (P = W / ΔE) is incorrect because it suggests power is inversely proportional to the change in energy, which is not a characteristic of power.
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of __________.
- A. pituitary gland stimuli
- B. humoral stimuli
- C. neural stimuli
- D. hormonal stimuli
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: humoral stimuli. Parathyroid hormone secretion is regulated by the concentration of calcium in the blood, which is an example of humoral stimuli. When blood calcium levels decrease, parathyroid hormone is released to increase calcium levels. Pituitary gland stimuli (A), neural stimuli (C), and hormonal stimuli (D) are not directly involved in the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion.
The neurohypophysis:
- A. is the anterior pituitary gland.
- B. secretes ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins.
- C. secretes the releasing hormones.
- D. is the posterior pituitary gland.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The neurohypophysis is the posterior pituitary gland.
2. It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
3. These hormones include oxytocin and vasopressin.
4. These hormones regulate water balance, blood pressure, and uterine contractions.
5. Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the neurohypophysis.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Anterior pituitary gland is not the neurohypophysis.
B: Incorrect - These hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
C: Incorrect - Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, not the neurohypophysis.
Insulin and glucagon:
- A. are secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
- B. elevate blood glucose levels.
- C. are secreted in response to declining plasma levels of glucose.
- D. are secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because insulin and glucagon are both hormones secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels. Insulin is secreted by beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake by cells. Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in response to low blood glucose levels, stimulating the release of stored glucose. Choices A and C are incorrect because insulin is secreted by beta cells, not glucagon, and they are secreted in response to high, not low, glucose levels. Choice B is incorrect because insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them.
A patient complains of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. What is the fourth cardinal symptom of diabetes?
- A. Impaired vision
- B. Weight loss
- C. Confused thought processes
- D. Fat intolerance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fourth cardinal symptom of diabetes is weight loss, along with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.