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Which of the following statements illustrates the biomedical model of Western traditional views?
- A. Health is viewed as the absence of disease.
- B. Optimal health is viewed as high-level wellness.
- C. Health and disease are considered parts of a cyclical process.
- D. The treatment of disease is nursing's primary focus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the biomedical model focuses on defining health as the absence of disease. This model emphasizes biological factors in understanding and treating illnesses. It is reductionist in nature, viewing health issues as purely physical and separate from social or psychological aspects. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the biomedical model. B emphasizes overall well-being, not just the absence of disease. C suggests a more holistic approach, while D implies a focus on nursing rather than the medical model's emphasis on disease treatment.
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A patient tells the nurse that he is allergic to penicillin. Which of the following would be the nurse's best response to this information?
- A. "Are you allergic to any other drugs?"
- B. "How often have you received penicillin?"
- C. "I'll record your allergy information on your chart, so you won't receive any."
- D. "Please describe what happens to you when you take penicillin."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Please describe what happens to you when you take penicillin." This response allows the nurse to gather detailed information about the patient's allergic reaction to penicillin, which is crucial for assessing the severity of the allergy and determining appropriate treatment options. By understanding the specific symptoms experienced by the patient, the nurse can help prevent potential adverse reactions in the future.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because:
A: This question does not address the immediate concern of the patient's penicillin allergy and does not help in understanding the nature of the allergic reaction.
B: The frequency of penicillin usage is not as relevant as understanding the nature and severity of the allergic reaction.
C: While recording allergy information is important, it does not address the need for understanding the patient's specific allergic response to penicillin.
The nurse is unable to identify any changes in sound when percussing over the abdomen of an obese patient. What should the nurse do next?
- A. Ask the patient to take deep breaths to relax the abdominal musculature.
- B. Consider this a normal finding, and proceed with the abdominal assessment.
- C. Use less force to percuss over the abdomen.
- D. Use more force to percuss over the abdomen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Use less force to percuss over the abdomen. When percussing an obese patient's abdomen, more force may not be effective due to the increased tissue thickness. Using less force allows for better transmission of sound waves through the tissues, improving the nurse's ability to assess for changes in sound. Asking the patient to take deep breaths (choice A) may help relax the abdominal muscles but won't address the issue of increased tissue thickness. Considering it a normal finding (choice B) without attempting to improve assessment techniques could lead to missed abnormalities. Using more force (choice D) can be uncomfortable for the patient and may still not produce clear sounds due to the tissue barrier.
A 60-year-old woman is undergoing a mammogram. The nurse explains that the procedure is done to:
- A. Detect any abnormal growths or tumors in the breast tissue.
- B. Identify changes in hormone levels.
- C. Evaluate lung function related to breast cancer.
- D. Assess for signs of osteoporosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because mammograms are specifically designed to detect abnormal growths or tumors in the breast tissue, particularly in the early stages of breast cancer. This is crucial for early detection and effective treatment.
Choice B is incorrect because mammograms are not used to identify changes in hormone levels. Choice C is incorrect because mammograms do not evaluate lung function related to breast cancer. Choice D is incorrect because mammograms do not assess for signs of osteoporosis; a bone density scan is typically used for that purpose.
A patient drifts off to sleep when there is no stimulation. The nurse can arouse her easily by calling her name, but she remains drowsy during the conversation. The best description of this patient's level of consciousness would be:
- A. Lethargic.
- B. Obtunded.
- C. Stuporous.
- D. Semialert.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lethargic. Lethargic is defined as a state of drowsiness or diminished alertness where the patient can be easily aroused by simple stimuli like calling their name, but they remain drowsy and may drift back to sleep. This patient's ability to be aroused by verbal stimuli and their drowsiness during conversation fits the description of lethargic.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Obtunded - Obtunded refers to a more severe level of decreased consciousness where the patient is difficult to fully arouse and may have limited interactions with the nurse.
C: Stuporous - Stuporous indicates an even deeper state of unconsciousness where the patient requires significant stimulation to be aroused and has minimal responsiveness.
D: Semialert - Semialert would describe a patient who is more responsive than lethargic, showing better awareness of their surroundings and able to maintain a conversation more effectively.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following an appendectomy. The nurse should prioritize which of the following in the immediate post-operative period?
- A. Administering pain medication.
- B. Encouraging early ambulation.
- C. Monitoring vital signs and fluid status.
- D. Providing wound care and dressing changes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, monitoring vital signs and fluid status, because it is crucial for assessing the patient's immediate post-operative condition and detecting any signs of complications like hemorrhage or shock. This step ensures early intervention if any issues arise, promoting patient safety and recovery. Administering pain medication (A) is important but not the top priority. Encouraging early ambulation (B) and providing wound care (D) are also essential but come after ensuring the patient's vital signs and fluid status are stable.