Which of the following statements indicate an effective communication technique used by the unit manager to her staff?
- A. "We need to improve our nursing services otherwise top management will take over,
- B. "Lets limit requesting supplies and equipment, our budget for our promotion might be affected."
- C. "There are a lot of redundant positions in our unit, there is a need to retrench some staff."
- D. "We need to discuss strategic approaches to facilitate delivery of nursing services with less expense on our consumers."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D demonstrates an effective communication technique used by the unit manager because it focuses on discussing strategic approaches to improve the delivery of nursing services while also considering cost effectiveness for the consumers. By emphasizing the need for strategic planning and efficient service delivery, the manager is promoting a proactive and solution-oriented approach rather than simply stating potential negative outcomes or making abrupt decisions like in the other options. This approach fosters more open communication, collaboration, and problem-solving within the team, ultimately leading to better outcomes and team morale.
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The following are considered qualitative research process EXCEPT?
- A. Sample
- B. Hypothesis
- C. Literature review
- D. Data collection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In qualitative research, the focus is on exploring a phenomenon in-depth, understanding experiences, perceptions, and meanings. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research does not typically start with a hypothesis to be tested. Instead, qualitative studies often use open-ended questions and flexible methods to gather rich, detailed data that can lead to new insights and theories. The other options - sample, literature review, and data collection - are essential components of the qualitative research process.
A patient presents with tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. On examination, the patient demonstrates a shuffling gait, stooped posture, and a masked facies. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Alzheimer's disease
- B. Parkinson's disease
- C. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms described in the patient, such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability, along with the presence of a shuffling gait, stooped posture, and masked facies, are classic features of Parkinson's disease. These motor symptoms are primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. This results in an imbalance of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, leading to motor dysfunction and characteristic movement abnormalities seen in Parkinson's disease.
A nurse is preparing to perform a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) procedure for a patient following urological surgery. What action should the nurse prioritize to prevent complications during CBI?
- A. Adjusting the irrigation flow rate based on the patient's urine output
- B. Changing the irrigation solution every 24 hours to maintain sterility
- C. Using tap water for irrigation to prevent electrolyte imbalances
- D. Limiting the duration of CBI to minimize the risk of bladder distention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize adjusting the irrigation flow rate based on the patient's urine output to prevent complications during continuous bladder irrigation (CBI). Proper adjustment of the irrigation flow rate helps maintain adequate bladder drainage while preventing bladder distention, clot formation, and potential irrigation fluid overload. Monitoring the patient's urine output and adjusting the flow rate accordingly ensures optimal functioning of the CBI system and enhances patient safety. This proactive approach minimizes the risk of complications and promotes effective postoperative care following urological surgery.
Upon data collection he had been failing three times in his math class and Korino was known for substance dependent for three years. What is the MOST APPROPRIATE nursing diagnosis for him?
- A. Alteration in perception.
- B. Ineffective individual coping.
- C. Alteration in social interaction.
- D. Impaired judgment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the individual described is "Ineffective individual coping." This is because the individual has been facing challenges in both academic (failing math class) and personal (substance dependence) aspects of his life. The repeated failures in his math class and the substance dependence for three years indicate that he might be struggling to cope with stressors and challenges in his life effectively. By identifying this nursing diagnosis, the nurse can focus on helping the individual develop effective coping strategies to manage and overcome these difficulties.
Nurse Angie added that oral contraceptives also contains progesterone. Which of the following is the action of progesterone in contraception? It inhibits _______.
- A. Testosterone production
- B. GnRH thereby inhibiting FSH and LH productions.
- C. Luteinising Hormone (LH) thereby inhibiting ovulation.
- D. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) thereby inhibiting maturation of ovum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Progesterone in oral contraceptives works primarily by inhibiting ovulation. It suppresses the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which is essential for triggering the release of an egg (ovulation) from the ovary. By blocking ovulation, progesterone helps prevent pregnancy by making it less likely for a mature egg to be available for fertilization. This mechanism of action is a key factor in the effectiveness of progesterone-containing contraceptives in preventing pregnancy.