Nokea
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. Selenium sulfide is used to treat seborrheic dermatitis of scalp
- B. Gamma-benzen hexachloride is effective against scabies
- C. Psoralens are used in the treatment of vitiligo
- D. Tetannic dioxide is an absorbent sunscreen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Titanium dioxide is a reflective, not absorbent, sunscreen.
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Several classes of drugs have interactions with cholinergic blockers. Which of the following is true about these interactions?
- A. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic range given orally may not stay in the GI tract long enough to produce an action.
- B. Additive antimuscarinic effects may occur with antihistamines.
- C. Cholinergic blockers may decrease the sedative effects of hypnotics.
- D. Cholinergic blockers are contraindicated with antipsychotics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Additive antimuscarinic effects with antihistamines can enhance side effects like sedation.
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3 hours the drug level would be 6.25.
The nurse is preparing to administer Lanoxin to a patient on the telemetry unit. In addition to understanding the patient's diagnosis, the nurse must also know which characteristic(s) of the medication?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Chemical composition
- B. Adverse effects
- C. Expected actions
- D. Contraindications for use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must understand the individual patient's diagnosis and symptoms that correlate with the rationale for drug use. The nurse should also know why a medication is ordered, expected actions, usual dosing, proper dilution, route and rate of administration, adverse effects, and contraindications for the use of a particular drug. It is not required that the nurse know the chemical composition of the medication prior to administration.
A 60-year-old man with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is treated with pioglitazone. Which of the following phrases summarizes best this drug's main mechanism of action?
- A. Blocks intestinal carbohydrate absorption
- B. Causes glycosuria (increased renal glucose excretion)
- C. Increases hepatic gluconeogenesis
- D. Increases target tissue sensitivity to insulin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pioglitazone enhances insulin sensitivity in target tissues like muscle and fat via PPAR-gamma activation.
Which of the following create a higher risk for digoxin toxicity? Both the cause and the reason for it must be correct.
- A. Older adults because of reduced renal function
- B. Administration of aldosterone antagonist diuretics because of decreased potassium levels
- C. Taking an antacid for gastroesophageal reflux disease because it increases the absorption of digoxin
- D. Doses between 0.25 and 0.5 mg/day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older adults have reduced renal clearance, increasing digoxin toxicity risk.