Nokea
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. An organelle is a specialized structure in a cell, such as a ribosome.
- B. An organ is made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions.
- C. Organ systems are two or more organs performing similar functions.
- D. A tissue contains a variety of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement provided in Option B is FALSE. Organs are actually made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions, rather than being composed of similar tissues. Organs consist of various tissues, each with their own specialized functions that collectively contribute to the overall function of the organ. Options A, C, and D are true statements. Option A correctly defines an organelle as a specialized structure in a cell, like a ribosome. Option C accurately describes organ systems as multiple organs working together to perform related functions. Option D correctly explains that a tissue is composed of different cells working together to carry out a specific function.
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In order to verify if a particular drug is responsible for the recovery of individuals with a disorder, what procedure would be most effective in testing its effectiveness?
- A. Ensure that neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are given the drug and which are given the placebo.
- B. Ensure that the subjects do not know whether they are given the drug or the placebo, but the investigators are aware of who has received the medication.
- C. Ensure that the investigators do not know whether they are administering the drug or the placebo, but the subjects do know which they are receiving.
- D. Ensure that both the investigators and the subjects have full knowledge of which subjects are getting the drug and which are getting a placebo.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most effective procedure in testing whether the drug is responsible for the recovery is to ensure that neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are given the drug and which are given the placebo. This method is known as a double-blind study, which helps eliminate biases and ensures that the results are reliable and not influenced by expectations or beliefs. By keeping both the subjects and investigators unaware of who is receiving the drug or placebo, the study can accurately determine the true impact of the drug on recovery. Choice B is incorrect as it only prevents the subjects from knowing which treatment they are receiving, allowing for potential bias from the investigators. Choice C is also incorrect as it allows for potential bias from the subjects. Choice D is incorrect as full knowledge of treatment allocation can introduce bias and affect the study's validity.
How will mildly elevated levels of thyroxine affect the heart rate?
- A. Stop the heart rate
- B. No effect
- C. Decrease the heart rate
- D. Increase the heart rate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mildly elevated levels of thyroxine will increase the heart rate. Thyroxine, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism. Elevated thyroxine levels can lead to increased metabolism, resulting in an elevated heart rate. Choice A is incorrect as mildly elevated thyroxine levels do not stop the heart rate. Choice B is incorrect because elevated thyroxine levels do have an effect on heart rate. Choice C is incorrect as elevated thyroxine levels typically lead to an increase rather than a decrease in heart rate.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
- A. Removing substances from the blood.
- B. Releasing hormones.
- C. Combating disease.
- D. Maintaining tissue fluid balance.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Releasing hormones is not a function of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in removing substances from the blood, combating disease through the production of immune cells, and maintaining tissue fluid balance by circulating lymph. Releasing hormones is primarily the function of endocrine glands, not the lymphatic system.
In the human skeleton, which of the following lists some of the vertebrae in descending order?
- A. Atlas, axis, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx.
- B. Axis, sacral, coccyx, atlas, lumbar, thoracic.
- C. Thoracic, sacral, lumbar, axis, coccyx, atlas.
- D. Coccyx, lumbar, axis, sacral, thoracic, atlas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order of some of the vertebrae in the human skeleton in descending order is Atlas, Axis, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx. This sequence follows the typical arrangement from the top of the spine down towards the pelvis. Choice B is incorrect as it does not follow the descending order of vertebrae. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Thoracic which is not the first vertebra in the descending order. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Coccyx which is the last vertebra in the descending order.
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
- A. Meiosis is used for repairing the body. Mitosis is used for cell reproduction.
- B. Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction. Mitosis is used for asexual reproduction.
- C. Meiosis occurs in various organisms. Mitosis occurs in various organisms.
- D. Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different. Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Meiosis is the process of cell division that results in the formation of sex cells (gametes) with only half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, leading to genetically different cells. In contrast, mitosis is a cell division process that produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell, maintaining the same chromosome number. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as meiosis and mitosis differ in their genetic outcomes - meiosis results in genetic diversity, while mitosis maintains genetic identity. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately distinguish between meiosis and mitosis. Meiosis is not used for repairing the body or asexual reproduction, and the occurrence of both processes in various organisms does not highlight their primary differences in genetic outcomes.