Nokea
Which of the following statements is true of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
- A. Skills used over a lifetime are usually kept longer.
- B. Residents with AD show the same signs at the same times.
- C. NAs should do everything for residents.
- D. Alzheimer's is a normal part of aging.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer, A, is true because skills used over a lifetime are typically stored in long-term memory, which is less affected by Alzheimer's disease. This allows individuals to retain those skills longer compared to newly acquired skills. Choice B is incorrect because residents with AD may exhibit different signs and symptoms at different times due to the progressive nature of the disease. Choice C is incorrect as NAs should encourage residents to perform tasks independently to maintain their sense of autonomy. Choice D is incorrect because Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of aging but rather a neurodegenerative disorder.
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A resident should place a cane about ___________ inches in front of his stronger leg.
- A. 8 inches
- B. 12 inches
- C. 14 inches
- D. 6 inches
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (12 inches). Placing the cane 12 inches in front of the stronger leg provides optimal support and stability while walking. This positioning allows the user to shift their weight onto the cane and then step forward with the weaker leg, promoting balance and reducing the risk of falls. Placing the cane too close or too far can compromise its effectiveness. Choice A (8 inches) and Choice D (6 inches) are too close to the stronger leg, which may not provide sufficient support. Choice C (14 inches) is too far in front, potentially causing the user to overreach and lose balance.
A disorder that is related to the absorption of vitamin B12 is ___________.
- A. Pulmonary edema
- B. Congestive heart failure
- C. Pernicious anemia
- D. Phlebitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is a condition where the body cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly, leading to a deficiency. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production, and its deficiency can result in anemia. Pulmonary edema (A) is excess fluid in the lungs, not related to vitamin B12. Congestive heart failure (B) is a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, not related to vitamin B12. Phlebitis (D) is inflammation of a vein, also not related to vitamin B12 absorption issues. Therefore, pernicious anemia is the correct answer as it directly relates to the absorption of vitamin B12.
2 What is the purpose of the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)?
- A. To offer in-service training for nursing assistants
- B. To keep protected health information (PHI) private
- C. To encourage people to make decisions about advance directives
- D. To detail how abuse should be reported
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To encourage people to make decisions about advance directives. The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) requires healthcare facilities to inform patients about their rights to make decisions about their medical care, including the right to create advance directives. This law empowers individuals to communicate their healthcare wishes in advance, ensuring their preferences are respected even if they are unable to make decisions later.
Choice A is incorrect because the PSDA is not specifically focused on training nursing assistants. Choice B is incorrect as the PSDA does not pertain to the privacy of protected health information, which is covered under HIPAA. Choice D is incorrect as the PSDA is not related to reporting abuse, which is typically governed by state laws and facility policies.
Which of the following is true of residents who have angina?
- A. Residents need to reduce emotional distress as much as possible.
- B. Nursing assistants need to give residents nitroglycerin.
- C. Residents should eat large meals to stay satisfied.
- D. Nursing assistants should encourage residents to exercise most of the time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
Step 2: Emotional distress can trigger angina episodes, so reducing distress is important.
Step 3: Managing stress can help prevent angina attacks and improve overall well-being.
Step 4: Choice A is correct because emotional distress can worsen angina symptoms.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect because only healthcare professionals can administer nitroglycerin.
Choice C is incorrect because large meals can strain the heart and worsen angina.
Choice D is incorrect because while exercise is important, it should be done in moderation for angina patients.
The nurse is caring for a surgical patient, when the family member asks what perioperative nursing means. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Perioperative nursing occurs in preadmission testing.
- B. Perioperative nursing occurs primarily in the postanesthesia care unit.
- C. Perioperative nursing includes activities before, during, and after surgery.
- D. Perioperative nursing includes activities only during the surgical procedure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because perioperative nursing encompasses activities before, during, and after surgery. Preoperative nursing care involves preadmission testing, assessment, and preparation for surgery. Intraoperative nursing care occurs during the surgical procedure. Postoperative nursing care takes place in the recovery room and continues until the patient is discharged. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not fully capture the comprehensive scope of perioperative nursing, which involves caring for the patient throughout the entire surgical process, not limited to a specific phase.