Nokea
Which of the following statements is true regarding Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in children?
- A. The scale is validated as a prognostic scoring system in children and young infants
- B. Patients with GCS < or = 8 require aggressive management
- C. All patients with GCS < or = 5 should be intubated and mechanically ventilated
- D. It is useful in children to assess the neurological, circulatory and cardiac status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients with a GCS of 8 or less require aggressive management, as this indicates severe brain injury and potential airway compromise.
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Childhood autism:
- A. Is commoner in boys
- B. Is characterised by extreme delay of social milestones
- C. Repetitive tasks are commonly performed
- D. Is characterised by extremely chaotic routines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is more commonly diagnosed in boys than girls, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 4:1.
In urgent situations of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) when symptoms of severe heart failure have already occurred, the initial management is
- A. adenosine by rapid intravenous push
- B. DC cardioversion
- C. verapamil
- D. digoxin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DC cardioversion is the preferred initial management in hemodynamically unstable SVT.
A child has been diagnosed with valvular disease following rheumatic fever (RF). During patient teaching, the nurse discusses the child's long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics for dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. The parents indicate they understand when they say:
- A. She will need to take the antibiotics until she is 18 years old.
- B. She will need to take the antibiotics for 5 years after the last attack.
- C. She will need to take the antibiotics for 10 years after the last attack.
- D. She will need to take the antibiotics for the rest of her life.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Valvular involvement indicates significant damage; therefore, lifelong prophylactic antibiotics are required.
Cantwell criteria is used to diagnose
- A. Congenital tuberculosis
- B. Congenital syphilis
- C. Congenital rubella
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Cantwell criteria are used to diagnose congenital syphilis, based on clinical and laboratory findings.
A health care provider has prescribed oxygen as needed for an infant with heart failure. In which situation should the nurse administer the oxygen?
- A. During sleep
- B. When changing the infant’s diapers
- C. When the mother is holding the infant
- D. When drawing blood for electrolyte level testing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen during sleep can help ensure the infant maintains adequate oxygenation, especially since infants with heart failure may have compromised respiratory function.