Nokea
Which of the following statements is true regarding respect for differences?
- A. All patients will behave in the same way when asked questions by a health care provider.
- B. Conveying respect for differences will build trust and welcome patients to share their understandings.
- C. Having cultural expectations is the key to understanding individual differences.
- D. Expressing one's culture is largely dependent on the amount of his or her exposure to Canadian values.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because conveying respect for differences helps build trust and encourages patients to share their perspectives openly. This fosters a positive patient-provider relationship and enhances communication. Choice A is incorrect as patients have unique behaviors. Choice C is incorrect as cultural expectations do not fully explain individual differences. Choice D is incorrect as expressing one's culture is not solely dependent on exposure to Canadian values.
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What should a nurse base their response on when a client asks about an increase in opioid dose for chronic pain?
- A. Body has developed tolerance, requiring more drug
- B. The client is preoccupied with the drug
- C. Addiction is the term for physical dependence
- D. Dual diagnosis of substance abuse and chronic pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because tolerance is a physiological phenomenon where the body adapts to a drug, requiring higher doses for the same effect. This is a common occurrence with opioids in chronic pain management. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to drug-seeking behavior, not tolerance. Choice C is incorrect because addiction and physical dependence are different concepts. Choice D is incorrect as it relates to a specific scenario of substance abuse alongside chronic pain, not the mechanism behind the need for increased opioid doses in chronic pain management.
What is the most appropriate action for a client with a history of asthma who is experiencing wheezing?
- A. Administer albuterol
- B. Administer antihistamines
- C. Monitor for signs of infection
- D. Administer epinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer albuterol. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that helps open the airways, relieving wheezing in asthma patients. It is the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations. Antihistamines (B) do not treat asthma symptoms. Monitoring for infection (C) is important but not the immediate action for wheezing. Epinephrine (D) is used for severe allergic reactions, not routine asthma management.
What term describes excessive stretching of a ligament, as seen in a client with a pulled ligament?
- A. sprain
- B. strain
- C. subluxation
- D. distortion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: strain. A strain refers to excessive stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon, not a ligament. A sprain (choice A) is the correct term for excessive stretching of a ligament. Subluxation (choice C) refers to partial dislocation of a joint, not a ligament injury. Distortion (choice D) is a general term that does not specifically describe ligament stretching. Therefore, the correct term for excessive stretching of a ligament is a sprain, making choice A the correct answer.
A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic hypertension about lifestyle changes. Which of the following is the most appropriate teaching for this patient?
- A. "You should increase your sodium intake to maintain good blood pressure."
- B. "It is important to increase physical activity and reduce stress."
- C. "Take your medications only when your blood pressure increases."
- D. "You should monitor your blood pressure every week."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because increasing physical activity and reducing stress are important lifestyle changes for managing chronic hypertension. Exercise helps lower blood pressure and stress reduction techniques can help control hypertension. Option A is incorrect as reducing sodium intake, not increasing it, is recommended. Option C is incorrect as medications for hypertension should be taken as prescribed, not only when blood pressure increases. Option D is incorrect as monitoring blood pressure should be done regularly, but not necessarily every week.
What is the most appropriate intervention for a client with severe nausea and vomiting?
- A. Administer antiemetics
- B. Administer fluids
- C. Administer analgesics
- D. Monitor electrolytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antiemetics. Antiemetics help alleviate nausea and vomiting by blocking neurotransmitters in the brain. This intervention directly targets the symptoms and provides relief for the client. Administering fluids (B) may help with hydration but does not address the root cause. Administering analgesics (C) is for pain relief, not for nausea and vomiting. Monitoring electrolytes (D) is important but does not directly treat the symptoms. Therefore, administering antiemetics is the most appropriate intervention for severe nausea and vomiting.