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What is the recommended method of administering the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine to a newborn?
- A. Intramuscular injection
- B. Oral administration
- C. Topical application
- D. Subcutaneous injection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intramuscular injection is the recommended method for administering the second dose of the hepatitis B vaccine to a newborn, as it ensures proper absorption and effectiveness.
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What is the recommended method of screening for gestational diabetes?
- A. Random blood glucose test
- B. Fasting blood glucose test
- C. Oral glucose tolerance test
- D. Hemoglobin A1C test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oral glucose tolerance test. This test involves fasting overnight, then drinking a sugary solution and measuring blood glucose levels at intervals. It is the gold standard for diagnosing gestational diabetes due to its ability to detect glucose intolerance. A: Random blood glucose test is not recommended as it may not provide an accurate assessment. B: Fasting blood glucose test alone may miss cases of gestational diabetes. D: Hemoglobin A1C test is not recommended for diagnosing gestational diabetes.
Which stage of labor is characterized by the period between full cervical dilation and delivery of the fetus?
- A. First stage
- B. Second stage
- C. Third stage
- D. Fourth stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The second stage of labor begins with full cervical dilation and ends with the delivery of the fetus.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who is breastfeeding her newborn. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Feed the newborn 5 to 10 min per breast.
- B. Offer the newborn 30 mL (1 oz) of water between feedings.
- C. Expect two to four wet diapers every 24 hr.
- D. Allow the baby to feed at least every 3 hr.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Allow the baby to feed at least every 3 hr. Breastfeeding newborns frequently helps establish milk supply and ensures the baby receives enough nutrients. Waiting longer than 3 hours between feeds may lead to issues like dehydration or poor weight gain. Choice A is too time-specific and may not allow the baby to feed adequately. Choice B is incorrect as newborns should only be fed breastmilk, not water. Choice C is too vague and may not reflect adequate feeding.
Which stage of labor is characterized by the period between the end of the third stage and the mother's recovery from delivery?
- A. First stage
- B. Second stage
- C. Third stage
- D. Fourth stage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fourth stage. The fourth stage of labor is the period immediately following the delivery of the baby and placenta, lasting up to 2 hours. This stage is crucial for monitoring the mother's vital signs and ensuring she recovers from the delivery process. It is characterized by postpartum uterine contractions, monitoring for excessive bleeding, and observing for signs of maternal complications. The first stage refers to the onset of labor until full dilation, the second stage is active labor and delivery of the baby, and the third stage is the delivery of the placenta. Therefore, the fourth stage is specifically focused on the mother's recovery from delivery, making it the correct choice.
A nurse is assessing a client who is 1 hr postpartum following a vaginal birth. The nurse notes that the client has excessive vaginal bleeding. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Massage the client's fundus.
- B. Administer oxytocin to the client.
- C. Empty the client’s bladder.
- D. Provide oxygen to the client via nonrebreather face mask.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action is to massage the client's fundus first. This helps to stimulate uterine contractions and control excessive bleeding, preventing postpartum hemorrhage. Massaging the fundus promotes the expulsion of clots and helps the uterus contract, decreasing the risk of further bleeding. Administering oxytocin (choice B) can be done after fundal massage to enhance uterine contractions. Emptying the client's bladder (choice C) can also aid in reducing uterine atony but is not the priority in this situation. Providing oxygen (choice D) is not directly related to controlling postpartum bleeding.