Nokea
Which of the following statements reflects Kohlberg's theory of the moral development of the preschool-age child?
- A. Obeying adults is seen as correct behavior.
- B. Showing respect for parents is seen as important.
- C. Pleasing others is viewed as good behavior.
- D. Behavior is determined by consequences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kohlberg's preconventional stage for preschoolers involves moral decisions based on consequences, such as avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.
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A nurse on the orthopedics floor is asked by another nurse to witness her waste 1 mg of morphine. The nurse draws the full 2 mg dose of morphine into the syringe and tells the first nurse, 'This client does not get enough pain relief with 1 mg of morphine, so I just go ahead and give 2 mg to keep him comfortable because the doctor won't change the dose.' Which is the correct action by the first nurse?
- A. tell the other nurse to call the doctor back and request an increase in the dosage
- B. refuse to sign off on the waste and report the incident to the charge nurse or unit manager
- C. sign off the waste, and suggest that the nurse give it over two separate doses 30 minutes apart
- D. sign off the waste, but tell the nurse to give it slowly to be sure that the client can tolerate the dose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering an unordered dose is a medication error and potential diversion. Refusing to sign and reporting ensures patient safety and accountability.
A client is admitted to the emergency room after falling down a flight of stairs. Initial assessment reveals a large bump on the front of the head and a 2-inch laceration above the right eye. Which finding is consistent with injury to the frontal lobe?
- A. Complaints of blindness
- B. Decreased respiratory rate and depth
- C. Failure to recognize touch
- D. Inability to identify sweet taste
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The frontal lobe is involved in sensory processing and cognition, so failure to recognize touch (agnosia) is consistent with frontal lobe injury.
If the nurse is providing education to a male client who is HIV positive, which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
- A. Need to use condoms for every sexual encounter.
- B. Need to tell sexual or needle-sharing partners about HIV status.
- C. Signs and symptoms indicating increased viral load and infections.
- D. Importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
- E. Availability of support groups.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: HIV education includes condoms (A), disclosing status (B), monitoring symptoms (C), healthy lifestyle (D), and support groups (E) to manage disease and prevent transmission.
The nurse should visit which of the following clients first?
- A. The client with diabetes with a blood glucose of 95 mg/dL
- B. The client with hypertension being maintained on Lisinopril
- C. The client with chest pain and a history of angina
- D. The client with Raynaud's disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chest pain in a client with a history of angina suggests possible cardiac ischemia, requiring immediate assessment.
A nurse is caring for an 84-year-old client who is malnourished. The nurse is concerned about all of the following complications of malnutrition EXCEPT
- A. increased risk for falls.
- B. poor wound healing.
- C. chronic heart failure.
- D. increased risk of infections.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Malnutrition increases fall risk, impairs wound healing, and raises infection risk due to weakened immunity. Chronic heart failure is not directly caused by malnutrition.