Nokea
Which of the following strategies would prove effective in preventing more incidence of dengue infection?
- A. Healthy nutritious food
- B. Burning of leaves and garbage
- C. Destruction of breeding place of vectors
- D. Adequate rest and sleep
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most effective strategy in preventing more incidence of dengue infection is to target the breeding places of the Aedes mosquitoes, which are the vectors responsible for transmitting the dengue virus. By eliminating stagnant water sources where these mosquitoes breed, such as uncovered containers, flower pots, and discarded tires, the mosquito population can be significantly reduced. This, in turn, helps to lower the risk of dengue transmission to humans. While healthy nutritious food, burning of leaves and garbage, and adequate rest and sleep are important for overall health and immune function, they do not directly address the primary cause of dengue transmission, which is the Aedes mosquito population.
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A patient presents with sudden-onset, painless vision loss in the right eye. Fundoscopic examination reveals a cherry-red spot at the macula and attenuated retinal vessels. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Central retinal artery occlusion
- B. Central retinal vein occlusion
- C. Retinal detachment
- D. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of sudden-onset, painless vision loss in the right eye with a cherry-red spot at the macula and attenuated retinal vessels is classic for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). In this condition, the blockage of the central retinal artery results in severe ischemia of the retina, leading to rapid and profound vision loss. The cherry-red spot at the macula is a result of preserved choroidal circulation contrasting with the pale, ischemic retina. Attenuated retinal vessels are also commonly observed due to decreased blood flow. Prompt evaluation and management are critical in CRAO to potentially restore some vision and prevent further ischemic damage to the retina.
The PRC-Board of Nursing (PR-BON) ha5 the power to regulate Nursing Practice in the Philippines. The regulatory functions include the following except
- A. enforce and monitor quality standards of nursing practice in the county
- B. issue, suspend revoke or reissue certification of registered nurses
- C. ensure proper conduct.
- D. issue permit for the opening of nursing programs in the country
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, issuing a permit for the opening of nursing programs in the country. The PRC-Board of Nursing (PR-BON) in the Philippines primarily focuses on regulating nursing practice and ensuring the quality and standards of nursing care provided in the country. While they have the authority to oversee aspects such as certification of registered nurses, enforcing quality standards, and monitoring proper conduct of nurses, the responsibility of issuing permits for the opening of nursing programs typically falls under the jurisdiction of other relevant educational or accrediting bodies.
A patient presents with a painless thyroid nodule and hoarseness of voice. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals papillary thyroid carcinoma. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- B. Graves' disease
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Thyroid cancer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the patient's presentation of a painless thyroid nodule and hoarseness of voice is consistent with papillary thyroid carcinoma, a type of thyroid cancer. While Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid conditions that can lead to thyroid nodules, they typically do not present with hoarseness of voice. Diabetes mellitus does not directly cause these symptoms. Thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma, is the most likely cause based on the patient's clinical presentation and the biopsy results.
Identify the MOST appropriate diagnostic examination that confirms the iincidence of hypertension amongg residents.
- A. Chest xray
- B. Ultrasound
- C. Electrocardiogram
- D. BP monitoring
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate diagnostic examination to confirm the incidence of hypertension among residents is blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Hypertension is defined by elevated blood pressure readings consistently measured over time. Monitoring of blood pressure is essential for diagnosing hypertension and determining the severity of the condition. Chest x-ray, ultrasound, and electrocardiogram are not specific tests for diagnosing hypertension. While these tests may be useful in assessing potential complications or causes of hypertension, they do not directly confirm the presence of high blood pressure. Regular BP monitoring with the use of a sphygmomanometer or automated blood pressure device is crucial in diagnosing and managing hypertension.
The patient verbalizes to the nurse about thought to kill his wife". The nurse is in dilemma whether to tell the wife about this Conversation. Given this situation which of the following is the appropriate action of the nurse?
- A. Alert immediately the proper authorities regarding the threat to safeguard the safety of the wife.
- B. Tell the wife to be very extra careful as her life is danger.
- C. Weigh carefully the situation by viewing it as dilemma between disclosing confidential information or warning appropriate authorities.
- D. Keep the information to herself and be vigilant on action of the patient to protect the wife
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this critical situation, the safety of the wife is of utmost importance. Whenever a healthcare provider becomes aware of a direct threat to someone's safety, especially related to potential harm or violence, it is their ethical and legal responsibility to report this information to the appropriate authorities promptly. In this case, the nurse should alert the proper authorities, such as law enforcement or a mental health crisis team, to ensure that immediate steps are taken to protect the wife from harm. Confidentiality should be breached in situations where there is a clear threat to an individual's safety. Keeping the information confidential in this scenario could result in serious harm or even loss of life. The nurse must act quickly to protect the potential victim.