Nokea
Which of the following structures is responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of food, as well as the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream?
- A. Liver
- B. Stomach
- C. Pancreas
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stomach is the organ responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of food. When food enters the stomach, it is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes to break down the food into smaller particles. This process helps prepare the food for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. The stomach also plays a key role in the absorption of some nutrients, such as certain vitamins and minerals. Additionally, the stomach's muscular contractions help mix the food with digestive enzymes and propel the partially digested food into the small intestine for further processing and absorption. The liver, pancreas, and large intestine have vital functions in the digestive system, but the stomach is the primary organ responsible for the initial digestion and absorption of nutrients.
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After 3 years being assigned in the Operating Room, Merle in interested to actively join which appropriate professional organization?
- A. ORNAP
- B. ADPCN
- C. NLGN
- D. APO
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ORNAP stands for Operating Room Nurses Association of the Philippines. As Merle has been assigned in the Operating Room for 3 years and is interested in actively joining a professional organization related to this field, ORNAP would be the most appropriate choice. ORNAP focuses on promoting excellence in perioperative nursing practice through education, research, and collaboration. By joining ORNAP, Merle can further enhance her knowledge and skills in the Operating Room setting, as well as network with other professionals in the same field.
One of the committee members raised the question on how to make an abstract. The question was followed by how many words are required in an abstract should (APA) style be followed.? What is the CORRECT answer?
- A. 450-550
- B. 150-250
- C. 250 -350
- D. 350-450
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When following the APA style, the recommended word count for an abstract is typically between 150 to 250 words. An abstract should serve as a concise summary of the main points of a research paper, providing the reader with a preview of the content without going into excessive detail. Keeping the abstract within the specified word range ensures that it effectively captures the essence of the paper while remaining clear and succinct.
A nurse is resistant to the change and is not taking an active part in facilitating the process of change. Which is the BEST approach in dealing with the nurse?
- A. Exert coercion on the nurse
- B. Provide a positive reward system for the nurse
- C. Talk and encourage verbalizing feelings of the change
- D. Ignore the resistance of the nurse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best approach in dealing with a nurse who is resistant to change and not actively participating is to communicate and encourage verbalizing feelings about the change. By talking with the nurse and allowing them to express their concerns and feelings, you can address any underlying issues that may be causing the resistance. This approach can help build trust, improve communication, and ultimately increase the nurse's engagement in the change process. Coercion (Choice A) can create negative feelings and resistance, while ignoring the nurse's resistance (Choice D) will not resolve the issue. Providing positive rewards (Choice B) may be helpful but may not address the underlying reasons for resistance. Communication is key in addressing resistance to change and fostering a positive, open environment for all involved.
Ms. C is at risk for refeeding syndrome that is caused by rapid feeding. What should be the priority action of the health care team to prevent complications associated with this syndrome?
- A. Assess for signs of pallor of the extremities and sluggish capillary refill
- B. Monitor for decreased bowel sounds, nausea, bloating, and abdominal distention
- C. Observe for signs of secret purging and ingestion of water to increase weight
- D. Monitor for peripheral edema, crackles in the lungs, and jugular vein distention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome is a potentially dangerous condition that can occur in malnourished individuals when nutrition is reintroduced too quickly. It is characterized by shifts in electrolytes, fluid imbalance, and metabolic abnormalities. Monitoring for decreased bowel sounds, nausea, bloating, and abdominal distention is the priority action to prevent complications associated with refeeding syndrome. These symptoms can indicate gastrointestinal issues such as ileus or overfeeding, which can lead to further complications. Early recognition and intervention can help prevent serious consequences of refeeding syndrome.
A patient presents with a painless, slowly enlarging mass in the right neck, just above the clavicle. Fine-needle aspiration cytology reveals clusters of polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm and centrally located nuclei. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Parathyroid adenoma
- B. Thyroglossal duct cyst
- C. Lymphadenopathy
- D. Thyroid carcinoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The described presentation of a painless, slowly enlarging mass in the right neck just above the clavicle, along with the cytology findings of clusters of polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm and centrally located nuclei, is classic for parathyroid adenoma. Parathyroid adenomas are benign tumors arising from one of the parathyroid glands, which are typically located in the neck region close to the thyroid gland. The clear cytoplasm and centrally located nuclei of the cells are characteristic histological features of parathyroid adenomas. This condition can often lead to hyperparathyroidism, characterized by increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypercalcemia. Treatment involves surgical removal of the adenoma.