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Which of the following systems is not blocked by spinal anesthesia?
- A. The sympathetic nervous system.
- B. The sensory system.
- C. The parasympathetic nervous system.
- D. The motor system.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spinal anesthesia blocks sensory, motor, and sympathetic systems by affecting nerve roots. The parasympathetic system, mediated by cranial and sacral nerves, is not typically blocked.
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When teaching a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to conserve energy, the nurse should teach the client to lift the patient.
- A. While inhaling through an open mouth.
- B. While exhaling through pursed lips.
- C. After exhaling but before inhaling.
- D. While taking a deep breath and holding it.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lifting while exhaling through pursed lips conserves energy by aligning effort with prolonged exhalation, reducing air trapping in COPD. Other methods increase respiratory workload.
The client is to be discharged on a low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-sodium diet. Which of the following should be the nurse's first step in planning the dietary instructions?
- A. Determining the client's knowledge level about cholesterol.
- B. Asking the client to name foods that are high in fat, cholesterol, and salt.
- C. Explaining the importance of complying with the diet.
- D. Assessing the client's and family's typical food preferences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing food preferences ensures the dietary plan is tailored and practical.
Which of the following is a potential complication following cataract surgery? Select all that apply.
- A. Acute bacterial endophthalmitis.
- B. Retrobulbar hemorrhage.
- C. Rupture of the posterior capsule.
- D. Suprachoroidal hemorrhage.
- E. Vision loss.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Potential complications after cataract surgery include acute bacterial endophthalmitis (infection), retrobulbar hemorrhage (bleeding behind the eye), rupture of the posterior capsule (lens capsule tear), suprachoroidal hemorrhage (bleeding in the choroid), and vision loss due to these or other complications.
A 15-year-old client needs life-saving emergency surgery, but his relatives live an hour away from the hospital and cannot sign the consent form. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Send the client to surgery without the consent.
- B. Call the family for a consent over the telephone and have another nurse listen as a witness.
- C. No action is necessary in this case because consent is not needed.
- D. Have the family sign the consent form as soon as they arrive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For life-saving emergency surgery in a minor, telephone consent from the family with a witness is acceptable to meet legal requirements while expediting care.
A 56-year-old female who is receiving radiation therapy tells the nurse that she feels inadequate as a wife and mother because she can no longer carry out her usual duties with the same energy as before. What recommendations should the nurse make to help the client cope with this situation?
- A. Suggest that she reassign all household chores to other members of the family.
- B. Suggest that she prioritize her activities and ask for help from friends and family.
- C. Suggest that she ignore the household chores during the crisis period.
- D. Tell her not to worry so much because everyone gets a little tired at this phase of the therapy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prioritizing activities and seeking help from friends and family helps the client manage her energy and responsibilities, reducing feelings of inadequacy.