Nokea
Which of the following terms refer to characteristics of a group whose members share a common social, cultural, linguistic, or religious heritage?
- A. Diversity
- B. Ethnicity
- C. Ethnocentrism
- D. Cultural imposition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethnicity is the common social, cultural, linguistic, or religious heritage of a group of people. Diversity is a presence of persons with differences from the majority or dominant group that is assumed to be the norm. Ethnocentrism is a tendency of individuals to believe that their way of viewing and responding to the world is the most correct, natural, and superior one. Cultural imposition is imposition of one person's own cultural beliefs and practices, intentionally or unintentionally, on another person or group of people.
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Which of the following statements is true related to immigrants to Canada?
- A. Decreased risk of social exclusion related to Canada's multicultural population.
- B. New immigrants tend to be in overall better health than the resident population.
- C. Health status of immigrants is not related to length of time in Canada.
- D. Unemployment is not associated with poorer health outcomes for immigrants.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The healthy immigrant effect indicates that new immigrants tend to be in better overall health than the general resident population. This finding is not surprising inasmuch as immigrants are screened before being granted admittance to Canada. Health status is related to length of time in Canada, the health of immigrants, 20 years after immigration, as determined by age-standardized mortality rates, is generally poorer than those of the Canadian-born population. Underemployment, unemployment, and workplace stress place immigrants at increased health risks as well as the risk for social exclusion.
An Indigenous patient tells the nurse that he thinks his abdominal pain is caused by eating too much seal fat and that strong massage over the stomach will help it. Which of the following statements depicts what the patient is describing to the nurse?
- A. Evidence-informed national guidelines
- B. Awareness and knowledge of his own culture
- C. The explanatory model of health and health practices
- D. Knowledge about the difference in modern and folk health practices
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The explanatory model is a set of beliefs regarding what causes the disease or illness and the methods that would potentially treat the condition best. Different cultural groups have different beliefs about the causes of illness and the appropriateness of various treatments. The situation is not reflective of national guidelines. There is no comparison between modern and folk health practices. The patient is explaining experiences and beliefs rather than awareness and knowledge.
The nurse is caring for a patient who speaks a language different from the nurse's language and there is no interpreter available. Which of the following actions is the most appropriate for the nurse to implement?
- A. Use specific medical terms in the Latin form.
- B. Talk loudly and slowly so that each word is clearly heard.
- C. Repeat important words so that the patient recognizes their importance.
- D. Use simple gestures to demonstrate meaning while talking to the patient.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The use of gestures will enable some information to be communicated to the patient. The other actions will not improve communication with the patient.
A graduate nurse is assessing a newly admitted non-English-speaking Chinese patient who complains of severe headaches. Which of the following actions by the graduate nurse would cause the charge nurse to intervene during this assessment interview?
- A. Sit down at the bedside.
- B. Palpate the patient's scalp.
- C. Call for a medical interpreter.
- D. Avoid eye contact with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many people of Asian ethnicity believe that touching a person's head is disrespectful; the nurse should always ask permission before touching any patient's head. The other actions are appropriate.
The nurse is caring for Indigenous patients in a community clinic setting. Which of the following would the nurse include when developing strategies to decrease health care disparities?
- A. Improve public transportation.
- B. Obtain low-cost medications.
- C. Update equipment and supplies for the clinic.
- D. Educate staff about Indigenous health beliefs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health care disparities are due to stereotyping, biases, and prejudice of health care providers; the nurse can decrease these through staff education. The other strategies also may be addressed by the nurse but will not directly impact health disparities.