Pediatric HESI Test Bank

Pediatric HESI Test Bank Related

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Which of the following tests is most effective in diagnosing hemophilia?

  • A. Bleeding time
  • B. Complete blood count (CBC)
  • C. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
  • D. Platelet count
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is the most effective test in diagnosing hemophilia. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that results in prolonged clotting times due to deficiencies in specific clotting factors, such as factor VIII (hemophilia A) or factor IX (hemophilia B). PTT is a screening test that evaluates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and helps identify deficiencies in clotting factors. In patients with hemophilia, PTT is typically prolonged due to the reduced activity of the deficient clotting factor. Therefore, measuring PTT can aid in the diagnosis of hemophilia by assessing the clotting function and identifying specific clotting factor deficiencies. Other tests like bleeding time, CBC, and platelet count are important in evaluating overall bleeding tendencies, but they are not as specific for diagnosing hemophilia as the PTT test.

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An elderly client develops severe bone marrow depression from chemotheraphy for cancer of the prostate. The nurse should;

  • A. Monitor Intake and output of fluids
  • B. Increase dally intake of fluids
  • C. Use a soft toothbrush for oral hygiene HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring intake and output of fluids is essential for an elderly client who develops severe bone marrow depression from chemotherapy for prostate cancer. Bone marrow depression can result in decreased production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Monitoring intake and output of fluids helps assess hydration status and kidney function. Decreased fluid intake or output may indicate kidney damage or dehydration, which are common concerns in clients with bone marrow depression. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to monitor the client's fluid balance closely to ensure optimal functioning of the kidneys and prevent complications related to bone marrow suppression.

Following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the nurse should assess the client care fully for which of the following conditions?

  • A. Hypocortisolism.
  • B. Hyperglycemia
  • C. Hypoglycemia
  • D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the nurse should assess the client carefully for hypocortisolism, also known as adrenal insufficiency. This is because the procedure involves removing the pituitary gland, which plays a critical role in regulating cortisol production by the adrenal glands. Without proper cortisol production, the client may develop symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, weight loss, and nausea. Monitoring for signs of hypocortisolism is crucial for prompt detection and intervention to prevent adrenal crisis, which can be life-threatening. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and hypercalcemia are not typically direct concerns following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.

is X linked recessive disorder :

  • A. thalassemia
  • B. hemophilia
  • C. leukemia
  • D. sickle anemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder where the genes responsible for blood clotting factors are located on the X chromosome. This disorder primarily affects males, as they have only one X chromosome. Females are carriers and can pass the gene on to their sons. Hemophilia results in prolonged bleeding episodes as the blood is unable to clot properly. Thalassemia, leukemia, and sickle cell anemia are not X-linked disorders. Digoxin is a medication used for heart conditions, not related to X-linked disorders.

If a Wall unit is used, What should be the suctioning pressure required by James?

  • A. 50-95 mmHg
  • B. 100-120 mmHg
  • C. 95-110 mmHg
  • D. 155-175 mmHg
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The recommended suction pressure range for suctioning an adult patient using a wall unit is typically between 80-120 mmHg. However, for a pediatric patient, the recommended suction pressure range is lower, usually between 50-95 mmHg. In this case, James' age is specified, so it is crucial to consider the appropriate suction pressure range for pediatric patients. Therefore, the suctioning pressure required by James should be in the range of 50-95 mmHg, making option A the correct answer.

Which type of neuron transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands?

  • A. Afferent
  • B. Efferent
  • C. Affective
  • D. Effective
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Efferent neurons, also known as motor neurons, transmit impulses from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the muscles and glands in the body. These neurons are responsible for inducing muscle contraction or glandular secretion in response to signals from the brain or spinal cord. In contrast, afferent neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system to convey sensory information. Thus, the correct answer is efferent neurons.

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