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Which of the following traits is characteristic of a caring leader?
- A. A caring leader serves first and leads second.
- B. A caring leader is aware of the feelings of others.
- C. The traits of a caring leader include respecting coworkers as individuals and empathizing with the needs and concerns of others.
- D. A caring leader is fair and honest.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A caring leader is characterized by respecting coworkers as individuals and empathizing with their needs and concerns. Choice A is more about servant leadership rather than specifically about caring leadership. Choice B, while related to empathy, does not encompass the full spectrum of traits associated with a caring leader. Choice D, being fair and honest, is important in leadership but does not solely define a caring leader.
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A healthcare professional caring for a client who has been receiving intravenous diuretics suspects that the client is experiencing a deficient fluid volume. Which assessment finding would the healthcare professional note in a client with this condition?
- A. Lung congestion
- B. Decreased hematocrit
- C. Increased blood pressure
- D. Decreased central venous pressure (CVP)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreased central venous pressure (CVP) is the correct assessment finding in a client with deficient fluid volume. This is because a decrease in CVP indicates reduced blood volume returning to the heart, which is consistent with hypovolemia. Lung congestion (Choice A) would be more indicative of fluid volume excess, not deficiency. Decreased hematocrit (Choice B) may be seen in conditions such as anemia but is not specific to deficient fluid volume. Increased blood pressure (Choice C) is not typically associated with deficient fluid volume; in fact, hypovolemia often leads to decreased blood pressure.
A healthcare professional is focusing on improving the ability to multitask without losing focus and to turn problems into opportunities. Which of the following leadership theories describes the professional's focus?
- A. Emotional intelligence
- B. Motivation theory
- C. Situational leadership theory
- D. Transformational leadership theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Motivation theory explains that individuals act based on what they want to achieve, focusing on goals and desires. In this scenario, the healthcare professional's emphasis on improving multitasking skills and problem-solving aligns with the essence of motivation theory. Emotional intelligence primarily pertains to understanding and managing emotions, not specifically related to multitasking and problem-solving. Situational leadership theory emphasizes adapting leadership styles based on the situation and followers, not directly related to individual focus improvement. Transformational leadership theory focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to achieve common goals rather than individual task management and problem-solving skills.
A male client is admitted for treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which nursing intervention is appropriate?
- A. Infusing I.V. fluids rapidly as ordered
- B. Encouraging increased oral intake
- C. Restricting fluids
- D. Administering glucose-containing I.V. fluids as ordered
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for a male client with SIADH is to restrict fluids. In SIADH, there is excess release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Restricting fluids helps prevent further dilutional hyponatremia by reducing water intake. Infusing I.V. fluids rapidly (choice A) would worsen the condition by adding more fluids, encouraging increased oral intake (choice B) is contraindicated as it adds more fluids, and administering glucose-containing I.V. fluids (choice D) is not a standard treatment for SIADH.
The client has been diagnosed with primary aldosteronism. Which of the following clinical findings would the nurse expect?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary aldosteronism involves the overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone increases potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia. Therefore, in primary aldosteronism, the nurse would expect to find hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia (choice A), hyponatremia (choice C), or hypercalcemia (choice D).
A female client with physical findings suggestive of a hyperpituitary condition undergoes an extensive diagnostic workup. Test results reveal a pituitary tumor, necessitating a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The evening before the surgery, Nurse Jacob reviews preoperative and postoperative instructions provided to the client earlier. Which postoperative instruction should the nurse emphasize?
- A. You must lie flat for 24 hours after surgery.
- B. You must avoid coughing, sneezing, and blowing your nose.
- C. You must restrict your fluid intake.
- D. You must report ringing in your ears immediately.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Following a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, it is crucial to avoid activities such as coughing, sneezing, and blowing the nose to prevent an increase in intracranial pressure or the risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Coughing, sneezing, or nose blowing can strain the surgical site, potentially leading to complications. Lying flat for 24 hours is not typically required after this surgery. Fluid intake should be encouraged to prevent dehydration. Ringing in the ears is not a common complication associated with this type of surgery.