Nokea
Which of the following triggers the pancreas to secrete insulin?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Glucagon
- D. Ketoacids
- G. B
Correct Answer: Hypoglycemia triggers glucagon, not insulin. Hyperglycemia prompts insulin release to lower blood sugar. Glucagon opposes insulin. Ketoacids indicate low glucose, not insulin trigger.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperglycemia. When blood sugar levels are high, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. This is a crucial mechanism to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body. Hypoglycemia (A) triggers the release of glucagon to raise blood sugar levels, not insulin. Glucagon (C) is released in response to low blood sugar levels and opposes the action of insulin. Ketoacids (D) indicate a state of low glucose, not a trigger for insulin secretion. Therefore, the correct trigger for the pancreas to secrete insulin is hyperglycemia.
You may also like to solve these questions
A teenage client is taking duloxetine (Cymbalta) for a generalized anxiety disorder. The dose has been changed by the physician. What adverse effects will the nurse advise the client and family to watch?
- A. Warning signs of suicide.
- B. Fatigue.
- C. Irritability.
- D. Weight gain.
- G. A,B,C
Correct Answer: Suicidal thoughts are a risk, especially in teens with dose changes. Fatigue and irritability are common. Weight gain is possible but less urgent to monitor than A, B, C.
Rationale: The correct answer is G: A, B, C. When a teenage client is taking duloxetine for generalized anxiety disorder and the dose has been changed, the nurse should advise the client and family to watch for warning signs of suicide (A) because duloxetine can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, especially in teens with dose changes. Fatigue (B) and irritability (C) are common side effects of duloxetine and should also be monitored closely. While weight gain (D) is a possible side effect of duloxetine, it is less urgent to monitor compared to the risk of suicidal thoughts, fatigue, and irritability. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are the most important adverse effects to watch for in this scenario.
Class of drugs derived from barbituric acid that act as CNS depressants and are used for their sedative and anti- seizure effect are known as _
- A. Antidepressants
- B. Anxiolytics
- C. Barbiturates
- D. Benzodiazepines
- G. C
Correct Answer: Antidepressants treat mood disorders. Anxiolytics reduce anxiety but aren't barbituric-derived. Barbiturates fit the description. Benzodiazepines aren't barbituric-based.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Barbiturates. Barbiturates are drugs derived from barbituric acid, acting as CNS depressants for sedative and anti-seizure effects. Antidepressants (A) are used for mood disorders, not CNS depression. Anxiolytics (B) are for anxiety and not all are barbituric-derived. Benzodiazepines (D) are a different class of CNS depressants, not derived from barbituric acid. Therefore, choice C is the most appropriate based on the specific description provided in the question.
When beginning herbal products, the nurse understands that the best way to identify allergic or other adverse reactions is to have the client:
- A. Take less than the recommended dose initially.
- B. Never take with prescription medications.
- C. Check with a reputable pharmacist.
- D. Use only one herbal preparation at a time.
- G. D
Correct Answer: Lower doses may not reveal reactions. Avoiding prescriptions isn't always necessary. Pharmacist consultation is good but not best for identification. One product at a time isolates reactions.
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Use only one herbal preparation at a time. By using only one herbal preparation at a time, the nurse can accurately identify any allergic or adverse reactions that may occur. This approach allows for clear isolation of the effects of each herb, making it easier to pinpoint the source of any reactions. Taking lower doses (choice A) may not always reveal reactions as some individuals may still have adverse effects. Never taking herbal products with prescription medications (choice B) is overly restrictive and not always necessary. Checking with a reputable pharmacist (choice C) is a good practice for general information but may not be the most effective way to identify specific reactions.
According to an evidence-based approach, what is the most productive way to treat anxiety disorders?
- A. Provide the client with a powerful medication.
- B. Uncover and address the cause of anxiety.
- C. Allow the client to self-medicate with OTC medications.
- D. Immediately start multiple-drug therapy.
- G. B
Correct Answer: Medication alone isn't most productive. Cognitive behavioral therapy addressing anxiety causes is evidence-based. Self-medication and multiple drugs initially are not recommended.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uncover and address the cause of anxiety. An evidence-based approach for treating anxiety disorders involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address the underlying causes of anxiety. By identifying and working through the root causes of anxiety, clients can develop coping strategies and long-term solutions. Providing powerful medications (A) may only offer temporary relief and not address the underlying issues. Allowing self-medication with OTC medications (C) can be dangerous and lead to misuse. Immediately starting multiple-drug therapy (D) can increase the risk of side effects and interactions without addressing the root cause of anxiety. Thus, focusing on uncovering and addressing the causes of anxiety through CBT is the most productive and evidence-based approach.
How does drug therapy of tuberculosis differ from that of most other infections?
- A. Patients with tuberculosis have no symptoms.
- B. Antituberculosis drugs are used extensively for treating active disease, not prevention.
- C. Patients usually require therapy for a shorter period.
- D. Mycobacteria have a cell wall that is resistant to penetration by anti-infective drugs.
- G. D
Correct Answer: TB patients can have symptoms. Drugs treat both active disease and prevention (latent TB). TB therapy is longer (6-9 months+). Mycobacteria's resistant cell wall necessitates prolonged, combined drug therapy.
Rationale: The correct answer is G. The rationale is as follows:
1. TB patients can have symptoms: TB can present with symptoms such as cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats.
2. Drugs treat both active disease and prevention: Antituberculosis drugs are used for both treating active TB disease and preventing latent TB from developing into active disease.
3. TB therapy is longer: TB therapy typically lasts 6-9 months or longer due to the slow-growing nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the need to prevent drug resistance.
4. Mycobacteria's resistant cell wall: Mycobacteria have a unique cell wall that is resistant to penetration by many antibiotics, necessitating prolonged and combined drug therapy for effective treatment.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because patients with TB can have symptoms, antituberculosis drugs are used for both treatment and prevention, therapy duration is usually longer, and the unique cell wall of Mycobacteria requires specific drug regimens.