HESI A2 Biology Practice Test

HESI A2 Biology Practice Test Related

Review HESI A2 Biology Practice Test related questions and content

Which of the following types of hormones can diffuse through the cell membrane to bind to receptors inside the cell and stimulate a chemical response to a target cell?

  • A. fat-soluble hormones
  • B. amino acid derivatives
  • C. hydrophilic hormones
  • D. water-soluble hormones
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: fat-soluble hormones. Fat-soluble hormones are able to diffuse through the cell membrane to bind to receptors inside the cell. This is because they are lipophilic, allowing them to cross the lipid bilayer easily. Once inside the cell, fat-soluble hormones can directly affect gene expression or cell function.

Choice B, amino acid derivatives, and choice C, hydrophilic hormones, are not able to diffuse through the cell membrane as they are not lipophilic. Therefore, they cannot bind to receptors inside the cell. Choice D, water-soluble hormones, also cannot diffuse through the cell membrane as it is hydrophilic, making it unable to reach receptors inside the cell.

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Which of the following is false?

  • A. Animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells
  • B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy
  • C. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain structure
  • D. All of the above are true
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement "B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy" is false. Chloroplasts are only present in plant cells and certain algae, where they are responsible for photosynthesis to generate energy from sunlight. Animal cells rely on other organelles, such as mitochondria, for energy production. Choice A is true because animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells and cellular waste. Choice C is true as plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:

  • A. product
  • B. respiration
  • C. metabolism
  • D. synthesis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. It involves all the processes that break down molecules to release energy (catabolism) and build new molecules to support growth and maintenance (anabolism). Respiration refers specifically to the process of generating energy from the breakdown of glucose molecules. Synthesis is the creation of complex molecules from simpler ones. Therefore, metabolism is the most comprehensive term that encompasses all these processes within an organism.

How many bones are included in the human skeletal system?

  • A. 412
  • B. 103
  • C. Over 300
  • D. 206
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: There are 206 bones in the human skeletal system. This includes bones in the skull, spine, ribs, arms, legs, hands, and feet. The correct answer is 206 because that is the standard number of bones in an adult human body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the accurate count of bones in the human skeletal system.

Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?

  • A. Dogs like treats
  • B. Red is the best color
  • C. If I eat 100 donuts, then I will feel sick
  • D. If a plant is exposed to red light, then it will show less growth than natural light
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Option D is the best example of a hypothesis because it presents a clear cause-and-effect relationship that can be tested through experimentation. It follows the format of 'If [cause], then [effect]' which is characteristic of a hypothesis in scientific research. The statement is specific, testable, and does not rely on personal opinions or biases, making it a strong and valid hypothesis. Choices A, B, and C do not follow the structure of a hypothesis as they lack the cause-and-effect relationship that can be tested through experimentation. They are more like statements or opinions rather than hypotheses.

Within the biological hierarchical system of organization, which of the following is least inclusive?

  • A. phylum
  • B. order
  • C. kingdom
  • D. species
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: species.' In the biological hierarchical system of organization, a species is the least inclusive level. A species consists of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. On the other hand, a phylum, order, and kingdom are more inclusive classifications that encompass multiple species. Phylum groups together related classes, order groups together related families, and kingdom groups together related phyla. Therefore, species is the least inclusive category within the biological hierarchical system.

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