Nokea
Which of the following vaccines is a live virus?
- A. varicella
- B. IPV
- C. DTaP
- D. hepatitis B
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Varicella is a live virus, as is OPV. IPV is an inactivated polio vaccine.
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A client can receive the mumps, measles, rubella (MMR) vaccine if he or she:
- A. is pregnant.
- B. is immunocompromised.
- C. is allergic to neomycin.
- D. has a cold.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A simple cold without fever does not preclude vaccination. Choices 1 and 2 are incorrect because pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals cannot have the MMR vaccine because the rubella component is a live virus and might cause birth defects and/or disease. Choice 3 is incorrect because the American Academy of Pediatrics states, 'Persons who have experienced anaphylactic reactions to topically or systemically administered neomycin should not receive measles vaccine.'
When medications have an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect on a tissue, a reaction has occurred.
- A. Pharmaceutical
- B. Pharmacodynamic
- C. Pharmacokinetic
- D. Drug incompatibility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacodynamic reactions involve the effect of drugs on tissue receptors, causing additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects.
The nurse is caring for a postpartum woman who has relinquished her baby for adoption. The care plan for the client should include which of the following priority strategies?
- A. Make a referral for grief counseling
- B. Allow the woman to see her baby initially, and then discourage further visits
- C. Provide opportunities for the woman to express her feelings
- D. Inform the woman she has the right to change her mind about relinquishment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Providing opportunities to express feelings addresses the immediate emotional needs of grief, loneliness, and guilt, which is a priority for supporting the woman's psychological well-being.
A client's central venous access device (CVAD) becomes infected. Why might the physician order antibiotics to be given through the line rather than through a peripheral IV line?
- A. to prevent infiltration of the peripheral line
- B. to reduce the pain and discomfort associated with antibiotic administration in a small vein
- C. to lessen the chance of an allergic reaction to the antibiotic
- D. to attempt to eliminate microorganisms in the catheter and prevent having to remove it
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microorganisms that infect CVADs are often coagulase-negative staphylococci, which can be eliminated by antibiotic administration through the catheter. If unsuccessful in eliminating the microorganism, the CVAD must be removed. CVAD use lessens the need for peripheral IV lines and thus the risk of infiltration. In this case, however, the antibiotics are given to eradicate microorganisms from the CVAD. CVAD use has the effect described in Choice 2, but in this case, the antibiotics are given through the CVAD to eliminate the infective agent. The route does not prevent an allergic reaction.
If a client has chronic renal failure, which of the following sexual complications is the client at risk of developing?
- A. retrograde ejaculation
- B. decreased plasma testosterone
- C. hypertrophy of testicles
- D. state of euphoria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Untreated chronic renal failure causes decreased testosterone levels, atrophy of testicles, and decreased spermatogenesis. Retrograde ejaculation is not a complication of chronic renal failure. It is a complication of transurethral resection of the prostate. In chronic renal failure, the testicles atrophy; they do not hypertrophy. Chronic renal failure produces a state of depression, not euphoria.