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Which of the following words functions as a verb in the sentence?
- A. fought
- B. control
- C. trade
- D. those
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the sentence, 'fought' is the only word that functions as a verb. It shows action, as it is the past tense of the verb 'fight.' The other words in the sentence do not serve as verbs in this context. 'Control' and 'trade' can also be verbs, but in this specific sentence, they are not used as verbs but as nouns. 'Those' is a pronoun and does not function as a verb.
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Which of the following choices would be the best beginning for an essay titled "Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change"?
- A. The Earth is heating up. The polar ice caps are melting, and whole species are going extinct while governments and scientists argue over rules and regulations.
- B. The argument seems to be about whether climate change is really happening and if so, who causes it. Some scientists argue that people are causing the change.
- C. If the Earth heats up, what will our new world look like? Scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change have projected a series of scenarios that could happen.
- D. While few people can understand all of the issues related to climate change, one thing is sure: scientists do not agree. There seem to be several different views on how to look at climate change data.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C would be the best beginning for an essay on 'Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change' because it sets the stage for discussion by introducing the potential consequences of Earth heating up and inviting readers to consider the implications. It also highlights the expertise of scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change, positioning them as credible sources for further discussion on the topic. The other choices either focus on the existing debate without providing a broader context (A and D) or present a narrow view on whether climate change is real and human-caused (B) without delving into the broader implications and discussions within the scientific community.
Which of the following structures is present in the sentence: "The tall man wearing a black raincoat, a yellow hat, and one red shoe entered the restaurant, walked to the back, and sat down alone at the smallest table farthest away from the staff and other patrons."?
- A. Simple
- B. Complex
- C. Compound
- D. Compound-complex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sentence is considered a complex sentence because it consists of an independent clause ('The tall man entered the restaurant, walked to the back, and sat down alone at the smallest table farthest away from the staff and other patrons') and a dependent clause beginning with 'wearing a black raincoat, a yellow hat, and one red shoe.' The dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Choice A is incorrect because a simple sentence contains only one independent clause. Choice C is incorrect as a compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. Choice D is incorrect as a compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
In the sentence "Bess, who can draw beautifully, loves art; but Grace, who thinks very logically, prefers science," what type of sentence structure is being used?
- A. Compound-complex
- B. Compound
- C. Complex
- D. Simple
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, complex. This sentence contains an independent clause ('Bess loves art') and a dependent clause ('who can draw beautifully'). The dependent clause relies on the independent clause for context and cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. The connection between the clauses is established by the relative pronoun 'who.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. It is not a compound-complex sentence as it lacks multiple independent clauses and a dependent clause, respectively. It is not a compound sentence since it does not have two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. Lastly, it is not a simple sentence because it contains both an independent and a dependent clause, making it more complex than a simple sentence.
Which of the following versions of the sentence is written correctly?
- A. Because she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste, Cicily decided to have the television repaired instead of buying a new one.
- B. Cicily decided to have the television repaired because she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste instead of buying a new one.
- C. Cicily decided to have the television repaired because she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste, instead of buying a new one.
- D. Because Cicily decided to have the television repaired instead of buying a new one, she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A is the correct version of the sentence. It is written in a clear and grammatically correct way. The conjunction 'because' is correctly placed to show the reason for Cicily's decision, and the structure of the sentence flows logically. Choices B, C, and D have issues with sentence structure, placement of conjunctions, or unnecessary commas, making them grammatically incorrect. Choice B places 'because' in an awkward position, disrupting the flow of the sentence. Choice C introduces a comma after 'wanted to reduce unnecessary waste' unnecessarily, causing a punctuation error. Choice D shifts the focus of the sentence by placing 'she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste' at the end, making the sentence less coherent and grammatically incorrect.
The connection caused an insatiable curiosity within Helen. What does the word 'engendered' mean as used in this sentence?
- A. Caused to exist
- B. Made sense of
- C. Connected
- D. Satisfied
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The word 'engendered' in this context means to cause something to come into existence or to bring about. In the sentence, it indicates that the connection sparked an insatiable curiosity within Helen, suggesting that it created or triggered this strong curiosity in her. Choice B, 'Made sense of,' is incorrect as 'engendered' does not imply making sense of something. Choice C, 'Connected,' is incorrect as 'engendered' goes beyond just establishing a connection, it means to cause or produce. Choice D, 'Satisfied,' is incorrect as 'engendered' does not mean satisfied, but rather initiating or creating something.