Nokea
Which of the following would be a significant intervention to help prevent lung cancer?
- A. Encourage cigarette smokers to have yearly access to drugs.
- B. Instruct people about techniques for smoking cessation.
- C. Recommend that people have their houses and apartments checked for asbestos leakage.
- D. Encourage people to install central air cleaners in their homes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking cessation is the most effective intervention to prevent lung cancer, as smoking is the leading cause. Screening (not 'access to drugs'), asbestos checks, and air cleaners are less impactful.
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Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for a client with an increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of 20 mm Hg?
- A. Give the client a warming blanket.
- B. Administer low-dose barbiturates.
- C. Encourage the client to hyperventilate.
- D. Restrict fluids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low-dose barbiturates can reduce cerebral metabolism and ICP, making them appropriate in some cases under medical supervision. Warming blankets increase metabolic demand, hyperventilation is no longer routinely recommended due to risks of cerebral vasoconstriction, and fluid restriction is not standard for ICP management unless specifically indicated.
A client with microcytic anemia is having trouble selecting food from the hospital menu. Which food is best for the nurse to suggest for satisfying the client's nutritional needs?
- A. Egg yolks.
- B. Brown rice.
- C. Vegetables.
- D. Tea.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Microcytic anemia is often due to iron deficiency. Egg yolks are a good source of iron, particularly heme iron, which is highly bioavailable. Brown rice and vegetables contain non-heme iron but in lower amounts, and tea inhibits iron absorption due to tannins. Egg yolks are the best choice.
A 75-year-old male client has a history of macular degeneration. While he is in the hospital, the priority nursing goal will be:
- A. To provide education regarding community services for clients with adult macular degeneration (AMD).
- B. To provide health care related to monitoring his eye condition.
- C. To promote a safe, effective care environment.
- D. To improve vision.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Promoting a safe, effective care environment is the priority to prevent falls and injuries due to impaired central vision in a hospital setting.
The nurse is performing discharge education to an older adult diagnosed with cataracts. Which of the following statements indicates effective understanding?
- A. I may have to quit driving until I get the cataracts treated.'
- B. I should spend less time outdoors in the sun and plan more activities at night.'
- C. I will need to avoid activities that raise my intraocular pressure, such as bending at the waist.'
- D. I will have to be careful since my eyes won't move together.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cataracts can impair vision, making driving unsafe until treated. Sun exposure does not directly affect cataracts, intraocular pressure is not a primary concern, and eye movement misalignment is not typical.
The nurse is assessing a client post-laminectomy for complications. Which finding requires immediate action?
- A. Mild incisional pain.
- B. Clear drainage from the incision.
- C. Slight numbness in the toes.
- D. Stable vital signs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear drainage may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak, a critical complication requiring urgent intervention.