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Which of the following would the nurse expect to see as symptoms in a child with ADHD?
- A. Moody, sullen and pouting behavior
- B. Interrupts others and can't take turns
- C. Excessive running, climbing and. fidgeting
- D. Easily distracted and forgetful
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with ADHD often display hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, such as excessive running, climbing, and fidgeting. These behaviors are characteristic symptoms of the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Children with ADHD may struggle to sit still, have difficulty engaging in quiet activities, and often seem on the go. Therefore, the nurse would expect to see signs of excessive movement and restlessness in a child with ADHD.
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A patient presents with sudden-onset unilateral facial droop, arm weakness, and slurred speech. Symptoms began approximately 30 minutes ago but have partially resolved since then. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- B. Ischemic stroke
- C. Hemorrhagic stroke
- D. Intracerebral hemorrhage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of sudden-onset unilateral facial droop, arm weakness, and slurred speech that partially resolved within 30 minutes is more consistent with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) rather than an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. TIAs are caused by temporary decreases in blood flow to a specific area of the brain, leading to transient neurological deficits that typically last for less than 24 hours. In this case, the symptoms partially resolving suggest a temporary and reversible ischemic event, characteristic of a TIA. Ischemic strokes involve more prolonged or permanent impairment due to blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain, while hemorrhagic strokes involve bleeding within the brain tissue or the surrounding membranes.
A nurse is preparing to perform a colposcopy procedure for a patient with abnormal cervical cytology results. What action should the nurse prioritize to enhance patient comfort during colposcopy?
- A. Administering intravenous sedation to the patient before the procedure
- B. Explaining the procedure steps and providing emotional support to the patient
- C. Applying a topical anesthetic cream to the cervix before colposcopy
- D. Allowing the patient to have a support person present during the procedure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best action the nurse should prioritize to enhance patient comfort during a colposcopy procedure is to explain the procedure steps and provide emotional support to the patient. Colposcopy is a procedure that involves examining the cervix, vagina, and vulva closely. Patients may feel anxious or uncomfortable during the procedure due to the sensitive nature of the area being examined and the potential concerns related to abnormal cervical cytology results. By explaining the procedure steps in detail before starting and providing emotional support, the nurse can help alleviate the patient's fears and anxieties, thereby enhancing their comfort and promoting a more positive experience overall. Additionally, establishing good communication and trust with the patient can also improve their cooperation during the procedure. Administering sedation, applying a topical anesthetic cream, and allowing a support person to be present are all important factors in providing holistic care as well, but the initial priority should be on communication and emotional support.
Which type of research allows researchers to be neutral observers
- A. Quantitative research
- B. Case studies
- C. Ethnographic research
- D. Qualitative research
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethnographic research allows researchers to be neutral observers because it involves immersing oneself in the culture or community being studied without imposing their own biases or preconceptions. Ethnographers aim to understand the perspectives and behaviors of the people they are studying by observing them in their natural environment and engaging in participant observation. This approach enables researchers to gain insights into the social and cultural context of their subjects without influencing the outcomes or reactions. By maintaining neutrality and objectivity, ethnographic researchers can produce more authentic and unbiased results.
Nurse Mauve should plan to initiate which action to provide a safe environment?
- A. Take the patient's vital signs every 4 hours.
- B. Encourage visits from family and friends for psychosocial support.
- C. Maintain fluid and sodium restrictions.
- D. Take off the room lights and draw the window shades.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking off the room lights and drawing the window shades would provide a calm and soothing environment for the five-year-old patient admitted due to pneumonia with symptoms of cough, respiratory distress, anxiety, and dehydration. By creating a dim and quiet atmosphere, it can help reduce the child's anxiety levels, promote rest and relaxation, and potentially aid in the management of distress caused by pneumonia. Providing a quiet and dark environment can also support the child's comfort and recovery process during the hospital stay.
A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient regarding calcium carbonate administration?
- A. Take with meals
- B. Take on an empty stomach
- C. Take with a full glass of water
- D. Crush tablets before administration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium carbonate should be taken with meals because it requires the presence of stomach acid to be properly absorbed. Taking it with meals helps ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness as a phosphate binder in patients with chronic kidney disease. Administering calcium carbonate on an empty stomach may lead to gastrointestinal side effects such as upset stomach, bloating, and constipation. Taking it with a full glass of water is also recommended to help prevent potential gastrointestinal issues and to ensure proper hydration. Crushing tablets before administration is not advised unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider, as it can alter the drug's release and absorption properties.