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Which of the following would the nurse know are the major elements of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
- A. Trying to avoid any places or people or situations that may trigger memories of the trauma
- B. Reexperiencing the trauma through dreams or recurrent and intrusive thoughts
- C. Becoming increasingly more isolated
- D. Emotional numbing such as feeling detached from others
- E. Being on guard, irritable, or experiencing hyperarousal
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The major elements of PTSD are reexperiencing trauma (dreams/intrusive thoughts), emotional numbing (detachment), and hyperarousal (irritability), with avoidance and isolation as secondary features.
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Which of the following interventions would be most effective for friends and family members to implement in order to boost the self-esteem of a person who has just experienced trauma or abuse?
- A. To identify a list of support people or activities in the community
- B. To remind them to calm down when they appear to be experiencing a flashback
- C. To encourage them to tell their story repeatedly to everyone they meet
- D. To help them to refocus their view of themselves from being victims to being survivors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reframing the person as a survivor rather than a victim fosters empowerment and boosts self-esteem, unlike social support lists or unhelpful flashback interventions.
A man is discovered wandering the street, looking confused and stepping out into traffic. When emergency responders approach the man, he cannot recall his name or where he lives. The responders transport the man to the mental health crisis unit for further evaluation. Which of the following are the man most likely suffering from?
- A. Depersonalization disorder
- B. Dissociative identity disorder
- C. Repressed memories
- D. Dissociative amnesia
- E. False memory syndrome
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The man's symptoms suggest dissociative amnesia (memory loss), depersonalization disorder (detachment), or dissociative identity disorder (alternate identities), but not repressed or false memories.
Three years after the death of her father in an ICU, the infection prevention nurse was visiting an ICU in a different hospital to complete a chart review. At one point, the nurse looked at a bed where the patient who had the same diagnosis as her father had and saw her father's facial features on the patient and had a sense of panic. In a few moments, the nurse realized that the patient in the bed was not her father. Which of these manifestations of PTSD was this nurse experiencing?
- A. A flashback
- B. Emotional numbing
- C. Hyperarousal
- D. A dream
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse experienced a flashback, reliving the trauma by perceiving her father's features, triggered by a similar ICU setting, distinct from numbing, hyperarousal, or dreaming.
Which of the following statements about posttraumatic stress disorder is accurate?
- A. Estimates are that the disorder is very rare.
- B. Estimates are that up to 60% of people at risk develop PTSD.
- C. Only 20% of victims of rape develop PTSD.
- D. PTSD symptoms usually begin at the time of the trauma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Up to 60% of at-risk individuals may develop PTSD, making it relatively common, with symptoms typically starting after a delay, not immediately, and higher prevalence in specific trauma cases.
Which of the following statements regarding the individual responses to trauma and stressors is a positive outcome?
- A. Many individuals are unable to cope with the event, manage their stress and emotions, or resume the daily activities of their lives.
- B. Some individuals may develop enhanced coping as a result of dealing with the stressor.
- C. These events are only significant in individuals who have risk for or actual mental health problems or issues.
- D. Large numbers or groups of people may be affected by a traumatic event.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developing enhanced coping skills after dealing with a stressor is a positive outcome, unlike persistent inability to cope or the misconception that only those with mental health risks are affected.