Nokea
Which of these is a one-on-one communication between the nurse and another person?
- A. Small-group communication
- B. Intrapersonal communication
- C. Interpersonal communication
- D. Transpersonal communication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Interpersonal communication is a one-on-one interaction between a nurse and another person that often occurs face-to-face. It involves direct communication between two individuals. Small-group communication involves interaction among a small number of people, not just one-on-one. Intrapersonal communication is internal communication that occurs within an individual's mind. Transpersonal communication involves interactions within a person's spiritual domain, which is beyond individual one-on-one communication.
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What is the primary purpose served when an individual takes action to reduce anxiety?
- A. Reduction of tension
- B. Denial of the situation
- C. Avoidance of physical discomfort
- D. Resolution in decision-making
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary purpose of taking action to reduce anxiety is to alleviate emotional tension and prevent the exacerbation of anxiety symptoms. By reducing tension, anxiety levels decrease, leading to a sense of comfort, safety, and security. Denial of the situation is not the goal when addressing anxiety; rather, acknowledging and managing it is crucial. While physical discomfort may accompany anxiety, the focus is on alleviating the emotional aspect to mitigate physical manifestations. Although mild anxiety can sometimes improve decision-making skills, higher levels of anxiety typically impede cognitive functions, making resolution in decision-making less likely.
Which source of stress would the nurse anticipate in a 5-year-old client?
- A. Jealousy
- B. Stubbornness
- C. Procrastination
- D. Companionship
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Procrastination, which refers to delaying completing chores or activities, is a common source of stress for 5-year-old clients. At this age, children may start experiencing stress related to the pressure of tasks or expectations. Jealousy and stubbornness are more typical sources of stress for 3- and 4-year-old clients who are still developing social and emotional skills. Companionship, on the other hand, is generally seen as a positive aspect in a child's life and is not typically a source of stress but rather a source of support and comfort.
Which response would the nurse make to a client with borderline personality disorder who receives the wrong tray for lunch and becomes upset at the dietary staff regarding this mistake?
- A. Getting angry is not appropriate; let's address this calmly.''
- B. Yelling is not acceptable and won't help us resolve this issue.''
- C. You must eat the first tray of food, and then I'll get another tray for you.''
- D. It must be frustrating to get the wrong tray. I'll order another tray for you.''
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate response from the nurse would be, ''It must be frustrating to get the wrong tray. I'll order another tray for you.'' When interacting with clients with borderline personality disorder, it is crucial for nurses to acknowledge the client's emotions empathetically and provide constructive solutions. While expressing anger is understandable, guiding the client towards a more constructive approach is essential. Yelling is not a helpful way to address the situation and threatening seclusion is inappropriate. Additionally, instructing the client to eat the first tray before receiving another one is punitive and disregards the client's preferences and rights.
According to Erikson's theory, which behavior would the nurse expect a preschooler to exhibit?
- A. The child develops the superego.
- B. The child plays beside other children.
- C. The child concentrates on work and play.
- D. The child becomes casual about body appearance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to Erikson's theory, a preschooler develops the superego or conscience during the initiative versus guilt stage. This stage occurs around ages 3 to 6 years old. The development of the superego is crucial for the child to start understanding and internalizing societal and parental values. Choice B is incorrect because playing beside other children typically occurs during the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage, which is seen in toddlers. Choice C is incorrect as concentrating on work and play is more characteristic of the industry versus inferiority stage, typically seen in school-aged children. Choice D is incorrect because becoming casual about body appearance is more aligned with the identity versus role confusion stage, which is seen in adolescents who have a marked preoccupation with appearance and body image.
Which behavior would the nurse recognize as developmentally atypical in preschoolers?
- A. Thumb sucking during stress
- B. Feeling guilty for behaving inappropriately
- C. Feeling happy if there is a newborn in the family
- D. Curiosity about their surroundings
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is feeling happy if there is a newborn in the family. Preschoolers are more likely to exhibit feelings of stress and jealousy rather than happiness with the arrival of a new baby in the family. Thumb sucking and bed-wetting are common behaviors displayed by preschoolers during times of stress. Guilt typically arises in children when they perceive that they have not behaved appropriately. Preschoolers are known to be naturally curious about their surroundings, showing an interest in exploring and learning about the environment around them. Therefore, feeling happy with the birth of a new baby is developmentally atypical for preschoolers.