Nokea
Which one of the following is a characteristic of fetal post-maturity syndrome?
- A. Closed eyes, unusually alert
- B. Long, frail finger nails
- C. Wrinkled, peeling skin
- D. Excess vernix caseosa
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Wrinkled, peeling skin. Post-maturity syndrome occurs when a pregnancy extends beyond 42 weeks, causing the baby to lose the protective layer of vernix caseosa, leading to dry, peeling skin. Closed eyes and being unusually alert (A) are not specific to post-maturity syndrome. Long, frail fingernails (B) are not a typical characteristic of post-maturity. Excess vernix caseosa (D) is actually a characteristic of a premature baby, not a post-mature one.
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What is the significance of amniotic fluid analysis during pregnancy?
- A. Detect fetal infections
- B. Assess fetal lung maturity
- C. Determine fetal position
- D. Assess placental health
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess fetal lung maturity. Amniotic fluid analysis measures the levels of substances like surfactant, which indicates lung maturity. This helps in determining if the fetus is ready for delivery. Other choices are incorrect because amniotic fluid analysis is not primarily used to detect fetal infections (A), determine fetal position (C), or assess placental health (D). These functions are typically achieved through other diagnostic tests or imaging techniques.
Which one of the following signs is indicative of possible shoulder dystocia during delivery?
- A. Failure of internal rotation of the head
- B. Fetal head retracts against the perineum
- C. Gentle traction aids in effecting the delivery
- D. The occiput slowly restitutes towards the left side
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fetal head retracts against the perineum. This sign indicates possible shoulder dystocia as it suggests the baby's shoulders are impacted and unable to pass through the birth canal. The retraction of the fetal head against the perineum is a classic sign of shoulder dystocia, which requires specific maneuvers to dislodge the shoulders and facilitate delivery.
A: Failure of internal rotation of the head is not specific to shoulder dystocia.
C: Gentle traction should not be applied in cases of shoulder dystocia as it can worsen the situation.
D: The occiput restituting towards the left side is not a sign of shoulder dystocia, as it refers to the rotation of the fetal head during delivery.
Pubiotomy is
- A. Access to the lower uterine segment by dissection of tissues around the peritoneum
- B. A surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided
- C. Ligating of the pubic bones in case they are invaded by cancerous cells
- D. Dissection of the perineal tissues to hasten the perineal phase of labor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided. Pubiotomy involves cutting the pubic symphysis cartilage to widen the pelvic outlet during difficult childbirth. This procedure helps facilitate labor by increasing the pelvic diameter. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe pubiotomy. Choice A refers to accessing the lower uterine segment, choice C involves ligating pubic bones for cancer, and choice D pertains to perineal tissue dissection during labor, which are unrelated to pubiotomy.
Precipitate labour is an unusually rapid labour
- A. That is concluded in less than three hours
- B. Where the external cervical os fails to dilate despite good uterine contractions
- C. That is concluded in more than three hours
- D. Where the external cervical os fails to dilate due to poor uterine contractions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Precipitate labor is defined as unusually rapid labor.
2. Option A states that it is concluded in less than three hours, aligning with the definition.
3. Option B talks about cervical dilation, which is not a defining factor of precipitate labor.
4. Option C contradicts the definition as it mentions a duration longer than three hours.
5. Option D mentions poor uterine contractions, which are not characteristic of precipitate labor.
Summary:
Option A is correct because it aligns with the definition of precipitate labor being rapid, while the other options are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the characteristics of precipitate labor.
Some of the neonatal complications of eclampsia are:
- A. Cerebral haemorrhage and pneumonia
- B. Severe asphyxia and prematurity
- C. Fractures and soft tissue trauma
- D. Respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe asphyxia and prematurity. In eclampsia, maternal hypertension can lead to placental insufficiency, reducing oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, resulting in severe asphyxia and premature birth. This is due to the high risk of placental abruption and intrauterine growth restriction. Other choices are incorrect because cerebral hemorrhage and pneumonia (choice A) are not commonly associated with neonatal complications of eclampsia. Fractures and soft tissue trauma (choice C) are not typical complications of eclampsia in neonates. Respiratory distress and hypoglycemia (choice D) are more commonly seen in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes, not eclampsia.